http://www.unz.com/article/why-germany-invaded-poland/ The Unz Review - /Mobile/ The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection A Collection of Interesting, Important, and Controversial Perspectives Largely Excluded from the American Mainstream Media *User Settings:* *Max Comment Length?* *Version?* *Social Media?* *Read Aloud *w/* * *Show Word Counts* *No Video Autoplay* *No Infinite Scrolling* SaveCancel * Home * About * Foreign Policy * Race/Ethnicity * Economics * Ideology * History * Science * Bloggers + *All Bloggers* + Steve Sailer's iSteve Blog + Anatoly Karlin's Russian Reaction Blog + The Audacious Epigone's HBD Blog + Paul Kersey's SBPDL Blog + *Selected Tweeters* * Columnists + *All Columnists* + Ron Unz + Gilad Atzmon + Kevin Barrett + Robert Bonomo + Pat Buchanan + Patrick Cockburn + Jonathan Cook + John Derbyshire + Linh Dinh + Guillaume Durocher + Bonnie Faulkner + Eamonn Fingleton + Norman Finkelstein + Philip Giraldi + Paul Gottfried + C.J. Hopkins + Michael Hudson + JayMan + Trevor Lynch + Eric Margolis + Ilana Mercer + Ron Paul + + James Petras + Ted Rall + Fred Reed + Paul Craig Roberts + The Saker + Israel Shamir + James Thompson + Andre Vltchek + Mike Whitney + + *Archived Columns* + Razib Khan + Gustavo Arellano + Alexander Cockburn + Tom Engelhardt + Sam Francis + Peter Frost + W. Patrick Lang + Peter Lee + Andrew Napolitano + Robert Scheer + Joseph Sobran * Videos * Books * Banned Books * Announcements * PDF Archives * Comments * Articles * Authors * Settings * More... o Current Summary o Arts/Letters o Culture/Society o Forum o Podcasts o Periodicals o Current Digest o College Demographics Tool * Summary * Categories o *All Categories* o Foreign Policy and National Security o Race and Ethnicity o Economics and Finance o Ideology and Politics o Arts and Letters o History o Science and Technology o Culture and Society * Bloggers + *All Bloggers* + Steve Sailer's iSteve Blog + Anatoly Karlin's Russian Reaction Blog + The Audacious Epigone's HBD Blog + Paul Kersey's SBPDL Blog + *Selected Tweeters* * Columnists + *All Columnists* + Ron Unz + Gilad Atzmon + Kevin Barrett + Robert Bonomo + Pat Buchanan + Patrick Cockburn + Jonathan Cook + John Derbyshire + Linh Dinh + Guillaume Durocher + Bonnie Faulkner + Eamonn Fingleton + Norman Finkelstein + Philip Giraldi + Paul Gottfried + C.J. Hopkins + Michael Hudson + JayMan + Trevor Lynch + Eric Margolis + Ilana Mercer + Ron Paul + + James Petras + Ted Rall + Fred Reed + Paul Craig Roberts + The Saker + Israel Shamir + James Thompson + Andre Vltchek + Mike Whitney + + *Archived Columns* + Razib Khan + Gustavo Arellano + Alexander Cockburn + Tom Engelhardt + Sam Francis + Peter Frost + W. Patrick Lang + Peter Lee + Andrew Napolitano + Robert Scheer + Joseph Sobran * Podcasts * Settings * About * More... o Main Features o Masthead o Announcements o Current Digest o Books o Forum o Videos o Article Authors o Article Archives o Periodicals o Most Popular o Comment Archives o College Demographics Tool ← Babi Yar: the Einsatzgruppen Killings Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War ... → John Wear Archive John Wear Archive Why Germany Invaded Poland John Wear • January 15, 2019• 6,500 Words • 78 Comments <#comments> • Reply [Search Text] 🔊Listen॥■►RSS Email This Page to Someone Your Name Your Email Message Included Remember My Information Here's something interesting from The Unz Review... Recipient Name Recipient Email(s), separated by semicolons => Table of ContentsOptions * Great Britain’s Blank Check to Poland <#great-britains-blank-check-to-poland> * The Deterioration of German-Polish Relations <#the-deterioration-of-german-polish-relations> * Polish Atrocities Force War <#polish-atrocities-force-war> * Polish Atrocities Continue against German Minority <#polish-atrocities-continue-against-german-minority> * Endnotes <#endnotes> List of Bookmarks Credit: Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0 <#> ◄ <#><#>► <#>Bookmark◄ <#>❌► <#>▲ <#>▼ <#>Toggle AllToC▲ <#_top>▼ <#_bottom>Add to LibraryRemove from Library• B <#>Show CommentNext New CommentNext New ReplyRead More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments AgreeDisagreeLOLTroll These buttons register your public Agreement, Disagreement, Troll, or LOL with the selected comment. They are ONLY available to recent, frequent commenters who have saved their Name+Email using the 'Remember My Information' checkbox, and may also ONLY be used once per hour. Email Comment Ignore Commenter Follow Commenter Search Text *Case Sensitive* *Exact Words* *Include Comments* SearchClearCancel Great Britain’s Blank Check to Poland <#great-britains-blank-check-to-poland> On March 21, 1939, while hosting French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain discussed a joint front with France, Russia and Poland to act together against German aggression. France agreed at once, and the Russians agreed on the condition that both France and Poland sign first. However, Polish Foreign Minister Józef Beck vetoed the agreement on March 24, 1939.[1]Taylor, A.J.P., /The Origins of the Second World War/, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961, p. 207. <#footnote_1> Polish statesmen feared Russia more than they did Germany. Polish Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz told the French ambassador, “With the Germans we risk losing our liberty; with the Russians we lose our soul.”[2]DeConde, Alexander, /A History of American Foreign Policy/, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971, p. 576. <#footnote_2> Another complication arose in European diplomacy when a movement among the residents of Memel in Lithuania sought to join Germany. The Allied victors in the Versailles Treaty had detached Memel from East Prussia and placed it in a separate League of Nations protectorate. Lithuania then proceeded to seize Memel from the League of Nations shortly after World War I. Memel was historically a German city which in the seven centuries of its history had never separated from its East Prussian homeland. Germany was so weak after World War I that it could not prevent the tiny new-born nation of Lithuania from seizing Memel.[3]Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 25, 312. <#footnote_3> Germany’s occupation of Prague in March 1939 had generated uncontrollable excitement among the mostly German population of Memel. The population of Memel was clamoring to return to Germany and could no longer be restrained. The Lithuanian foreign minister traveled to Berlin on March 22, 1939, where he agreed to the immediate transfer of Memel to Germany. The annexation of Memel into Germany went through the next day. The question of Memel exploded of itself without any deliberate German plan of annexation.[4]Taylor, A.J.P., /The Origins of the Second World War/, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961, p. 209. <#footnote_4> Polish leaders agreed that the return of Memel to Germany from Lithuania would not constitute an issue of conflict between Germany and Poland.[5]Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50. <#footnote_5> What did cause conflict between Germany and Poland was the so-called Free City of Danzig. Danzig was founded in the early 14^th century and was historically the key port at the mouth of the great Vistula River. From the beginning Danzig was inhabited almost exclusively by Germans, with the Polish minority in 1922 constituting less than 3% of the city’s 365,000 inhabitants. The Treaty of Versailles converted Danzig from a German provincial capital into a League of Nations protectorate subject to numerous strictures established for the benefit of Poland. The great preponderance of the citizens of Danzig had never wanted to leave Germany, and they were eager to return to Germany in 1939. Their eagerness to join Germany was exacerbated by the fact that Germany’s economy was healthy while Poland’s economy was still mired in depression.[6]/Ibid/., pp. 49-60. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50.) <#footnote_6> Many of the German citizens of Danzig had consistently demonstrated their unwavering loyalty to National Socialism and its principles. They had even elected a National Socialist parliamentary majority before this result had been achieved in Germany. It was widely known that Poland was constantly seeking to increase her control over Danzig despite the wishes of Danzig’s German majority. Hitler was not opposed to Poland’s further economic aspirations at Danzig, but Hitler was resolved never to permit the establishment of a Polish political regime at Danzig. Such a renunciation of Danzig by Hitler would have been a repudiation of the loyalty of Danzig citizens to the Third Reich and their spirit of self-determination.[7]/Ibid/., pp. 328-329. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50.) <#footnote_7> Germany presented a proposal for a comprehensive settlement of the Danzig question with Poland on October 24, 1938. Hitler’s plan would allow Germany to annex Danzig and construct a superhighway and a railroad to East Prussia. In return Poland would be granted a permanent free port in Danzig and the right to build her own highway and railroad to the port. The entire Danzig area would also become a permanent free market for Polish goods on which no German customs duties would be levied. Germany would take the unprecedented step of recognizing and guaranteeing the existing German-Polish frontier, including the boundary in Upper Silesia established in 1922. This later provision was extremely important since the Versailles Treaty had given Poland much additional territory which Germany proposed to renounce. Hitler’s offer to guarantee Poland’s frontiers also carried with it a degree of military security that no other non-Communist nation could match.[8]/Ibid/., pp. 145-146. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50.) <#footnote_8> ORDER IT NOW Germany’s proposed settlement with Poland was far less favorable to Germany than the Thirteenth Point of Wilson’s program at Versailles. The Versailles Treaty gave Poland large slices of territory in regions such as West Prussia and Western Posen which were overwhelmingly German. The richest industrial section of Upper Silesia was also later given to Poland despite the fact that Poland had lost the plebiscite there.[9]/Ibid., /p. 21. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50.) <#footnote_9> Germany was willing to renounce these territories in the interest of German-Polish cooperation. This concession of Hitler’s was more than adequate to compensate for the German annexation of Danzig and construction of a superhighway and a railroad in the Corridor. The Polish diplomats themselves believed that Germany’s proposal was a sincere and realistic basis for a permanent agreement.[10]/Ibid./, pp. 21, 256-257. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50.) <#footnote_10> On March 26, 1939, the Polish Ambassador to Berlin, Joseph Lipski, formally rejected Germany’s settlement proposals. The Poles had waited over five months to reject Germany’s proposals, and they refused to countenance any change in existing conditions. Lipski stated to German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop that “it was his painful duty to draw attention to the fact that any further pursuance of these German plans, especially where the return of Danzig to the Reich was concerned, meant war with Poland.”[11]/Ibid/., p. 323. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50.) <#footnote_11> Polish Foreign Minister Józef Beck accepted an offer from Great Britain on March 30, 1939, to give an unconditional guarantee of Poland’s independence. The British Empire agreed to go to war as an ally of Poland if the Poles decided that war was necessary. In words drafted by British Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax, Chamberlain spoke in the House of Commons on March 31, 1939: I now have to inform the House…that in the event of any action which clearly threatened Polish independence and which the Polish Government accordingly considered it vital to resist with their national forces, His Majesty’s Government would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Polish Government all support in their power. They have given the Polish Government an assurance to that effect.[12]Barnett, Correlli, /The Collapse of British Power/, New York: William Morrow, 1972, p. 560; see also Taylor, A.J.P., /The Origins of the Second World War/, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961, p. 211. <#footnote_12> Great Britain for the first time in history had left the decision whether or not to fight a war outside of her own country to another nation. Britain’s guarantee to Poland was binding without commitments from the Polish side. The British public was astonished by this move. Despite its unprecedented nature, Halifax encountered little difficulty in persuading the British Conservative, Liberal and Labor parties to accept Great Britain’s unconditional guarantee to Poland.[13]Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 333, 340. <#footnote_13> Numerous British historians and diplomats have criticized Britain’s unilateral guarantee of Poland. For example, British diplomat Roy Denman called the war guarantee to Poland “the most reckless undertaking ever given by a British government. It placed the decision on peace or war in Europe in the hands of a reckless, intransigent, swashbuckling military dictatorship.”[14]Denman, Roy, /Missed Chances: Britain and Europe in the Twentieth Century/, London: Indigo, 1997, p. 121. <#footnote_14>British historian Niall Ferguson states that the war guarantee to Poland tied Britain’s “destiny to that of a regime that was every bit as undemocratic and anti-Semitic as that of Germany.”[15]Ferguson, Niall, /The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West/, New York: Penguin Press, 2006, p. 377. <#footnote_15>English military historian Liddell Hart stated that the Polish guarantee “placed Britain’s destiny in the hands of Poland’s rulers, men of very dubious and unstable judgment. Moreover, the guarantee was impossible to fulfill except with Russia’s help.…”[16]Hart, B. H. Liddell, /History of the Second World War/, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970, p. 11. <#footnote_16> American historian Richard M. Watt writes concerning Britain’s unilateral guarantee to Poland: “This enormously broad guarantee virtually left to the Poles the decision whether or not Britain would go to war. For Britain to give such a blank check to a Central European nation, particularly to Poland—a nation that Britain had generally regarded as irresponsible and greedy—was mind-boggling.”[17]Watt, Richard M., /Bitter Glory: Poland and Its Fate 1918 to 1939/, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979, p. 379. <#footnote_17> When the Belgian Minister to Germany, Vicomte Jacques Davignon, received the text of the British guarantee to Poland, he exclaimed that “blank check” was the only possible description of the British pledge. Davignon was extremely alarmed in view of the proverbial recklessness of the Poles. German State Secretary Ernst von Weizsäcker attempted to reassure Davignon by claiming that the situation between Germany and Poland was not tragic. However, Davignon correctly feared that the British move would produce war in a very short time.[18]Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342. <#footnote_18> Weizsäcker later exclaimed scornfully that “the British guarantee to Poland was like offering sugar to an untrained child before it had learned to listen to reason!”[19]/Ibid/., p. 391. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_19> The Deterioration of German-Polish Relations <#the-deterioration-of-german-polish-relations> German-Polish relationships had become strained by the increasing harshness with which the Polish authorities handled the German minority. The Polish government in the 1930s began to confiscate the land of its German minority at bargain prices through public expropriation. The German government resented the fact that German landowners received only one-eighth of the value of their holdings from the Polish government. Since the Polish public was aware of the German situation and desired to exploit it, the German minority in Poland could not sell the land in advance of expropriation. Furthermore, Polish law forbade Germans from privately selling large areas of land. German diplomats insisted that the November 1937 Minorities Pact with Poland for the equal treatment of German and Polish landowners be observed in 1939. Despite Polish assurances of fairness and equal treatment, German diplomats learned on February 15, 1939, that the latest expropriations of land in Poland were predominantly of German holdings. These expropriations virtually eliminated substantial German landholdings in Poland at a time when most of the larger Polish landholdings were still intact. It became evident that nothing could be done diplomatically to help the German minority in Poland.[20]/Ibid/., pp. 260-262. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_20> Poland threatened Germany with a partial mobilization of her forces on March 23, 1939. Hundreds of thousands of Polish Army reservists were mobilized, and Hitler was warned that Poland would fight to prevent the return of Danzig to Germany. The Poles were surprised to discover that Germany did not take this challenge seriously. Hitler, who deeply desired friendship with Poland, refrained from responding to the Polish threat of war. Germany did not threaten Poland and took no precautionary military measures in response to the Polish partial mobilization.[21]/Ibid/., pp. 311-312. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_21> Hitler regarded a German-Polish agreement as a highly welcome alternative to a German-Polish war. However, no further negotiations for a German-Polish agreement occurred after the British guarantee to Poland because Józef Beck refused to negotiate. Beck ignored repeated German suggestions for further negotiations because Beck knew that Halifax hoped to accomplish the complete destruction of Germany. Halifax had considered an Anglo-German war inevitable since 1936, and Britain’s anti-German policy was made public with a speech by Neville Chamberlain on March 17, 1939. Halifax discouraged German-Polish negotiations because he was counting on Poland to provide the pretext for a British pre-emptive war against Germany.[22]/Ibid/., pp. 355, 357. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_22> The situation between Germany and Poland deteriorated rapidly during the six weeks from the Polish partial mobilization of March 23, 1939, to a speech delivered by Józef Beck on May 5, 1939. Beck’s primary purpose in delivering his speech before the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament, was to convince the Polish public and the world that he was able and willing to challenge Hitler. Beck knew that Halifax had succeeded in creating a warlike atmosphere in Great Britain, and that he could go as far as he wanted without displeasing the British. Beck took an uncompromising attitude in his speech that effectively closed the door to further negotiations with Germany. Beck made numerous false and hypocritical statements in his speech. One of the most astonishing claims in his speech was that there was nothing extraordinary about the British guarantee to Poland. He described it as a normal step in the pursuit of friendly relations with a neighboring country. This was in sharp contrast to British diplomat Sir Alexander Cadogan’s statement to Joseph Kennedy that Britain’s guarantee to Poland was without precedent in the entire history of British foreign policy.[23]/Ibid/., pp. 381, 383. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_23> Beck ended his speech with a stirring climax that produced wild excitement in the Polish Sejm. Someone in the audience screamed loudly, “We do not need peace!” and pandemonium followed. Beck had made many Poles in the audience determined to fight Germany. This feeling resulted from their ignorance which made it impossible for them to criticize the numerous falsehoods and misstatements in Beck’s speech. Beck made the audience feel that Hitler had insulted the honor of Poland with what were actually quite reasonable peace proposals. Beck had effectively made Germany the deadly enemy of Poland.[24]/Ibid/., pp. 384, 387. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_24> More than 1 million ethnic Germans resided in Poland at the time of Beck’s speech, and these Germans were the principal victims of the German-Polish crisis in the coming weeks. The Germans in Poland were subjected to increasing doses of violence from the dominant Poles. The British public was told repeatedly that the grievances of the German minority in Poland were largely imaginary. The average British citizen was completely unaware of the terror and fear of death that stalked these Germans in Poland. Ultimately, many thousands of Germans in Poland died in consequence of the crisis. They were among the first victims of British Foreign Secretary Halifax’s war policy against Germany.[25]/Ibid/., p. 387. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_25> The immediate responsibility for security measures involving the German minority in Poland rested with Interior Department Ministerial Director Waclaw Zyborski. Zyborski consented to discuss the situation on June 23, 1939, with Walther Kohnert, one of the leaders of the German minority at Bromberg. Zyborski admitted to Kohnert that the Germans of Poland were in an unenviable situation, but he was not sympathetic to their plight. Zyborski ended their lengthy conversation by stating frankly that his policy required a severe treatment of the German minority in Poland. He made it clear that it was impossible for the Germans of Poland to alleviate their hard fate. The Germans in Poland were the helpless hostages of the Polish community and the Polish state.[26]/Ibid./, pp. 388-389. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_26> Other leaders of the German minority in Poland repeatedly appealed to the Polish government for help during this period. Sen. Hans Hasbach, the leader of the conservative German minority faction, and Dr. Rudolf Wiesner, the leader of the Young German Party, each made multiple appeals to Poland’s government to end the violence. In a futile appeal on July 6, 1939, to Premier Sławoj-Składkowski, head of Poland’s Department of Interior, Wiesner referred to the waves of public violence against the Germans at Tomaszów near Lódz, May 13-15^th , at Konstantynów, May 21-22^nd , and at Pabianice, June 22-23, 1939. The appeal of Wiesner produced no results. The leaders of the German political groups eventually recognized that they had no influence with Polish authorities despite their loyal attitudes toward Poland. It was “open season” on the Germans of Poland with the approval of the Polish government.[27]/Ibid/. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_27> ORDER IT NOW Polish anti-German incidents also occurred against the German majority in the Free City of Danzig. On May 21, 1939, Zygmunt Morawski, a former Polish soldier, murdered a German at Kalthof on Danzig territory. The incident itself would not have been so unusual except for the fact that Polish officials acted as if Poland and not the League of Nations had sovereign power over Danzig. Polish officials refused to apologize for the incident, and they treated with contempt the effort of Danzig authorities to bring Morawski to trial. The Poles in Danzig considered themselves above the law.[28]/Ibid/., pp. 392-393. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_28> Tension steadily mounted at Danzig after the Morawski murder. The German citizens of Danzig were convinced that Poland would show them no mercy if Poland gained the upper hand. The Poles were furious when they learned that Danzig was defying Poland by organizing its own militia for home defense. The Poles blamed Hitler for this situation. The Polish government protested to German Ambassador Hans von Moltke on July 1, 1939, about the Danzig government’s military-defense measures. Józef Beck told French Ambassador Léon Noël on July 6, 1939, that the Polish government had decided that additional measures were necessary to meet the alleged threat from Danzig.[29]/Ibid/., pp. 405-406. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_29> On July 29, 1939, the Danzig government presented two protest notes to the Poles concerning illegal activities of Polish custom inspectors and frontier officials. The Polish government responded by terminating the export of duty-free herring and margarine from Danzig to Poland. Polish officials next announced in the early hours of August 5, 1939, that the frontiers of Danzig would be closed to the importation of all foreign food products unless the Danzig government promised by the end of the day never to interfere with the activities of Polish customs inspectors. This threat was formidable since Danzig produced only a relatively small portion of its own food. All Polish customs inspectors would also bear arms while performing their duty after August 5, 1939. The Polish ultimatum made it obvious that Poland intended to replace the League of Nations as the sovereign power at Danzig.[30]/Ibid/., p. 412. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_30> Hitler concluded that Poland was seeking to provoke an immediate conflict with Germany. The Danzig government submitted to the Polish ultimatum in accordance with Hitler’s recommendation.[31]/Ibid./ p. 413. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_31> Józef Beck explained to British Ambassador Kennard that the Polish government was prepared to take military measures against Danzig if it failed to accept Poland’s terms. The citizens of Danzig were convinced that Poland would have executed a full military occupation of Danzig had the Polish ultimatum been rejected. It was apparent to the German government that the British and French were either unable or unwilling to restrain the Polish government from arbitrary steps that could result in war.[32]/Ibid/., pp. 413-415. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_32> On August 7, 1939, the Polish censors permitted the newspaper /Illustrowany Kuryer/ /Codzienny /in Kraków to feature an article of unprecedented candor. The article stated that Polish units were constantly crossing the German frontier to destroy German military installations and to carry captured German military materiel into Poland. The Polish government failed to prevent the newspaper, which had the largest circulation in Poland, from telling the world that Poland was instigating a series of violations of Germany’s frontier with Poland.[33]/Ibid./ p. 419. In a footnote, the author notes that a report of the same matters appeared in the /New York Times/ for August 8, 1939. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_33> Polish Ambassador Jerzy Potocki unsuccessfully attempted to persuade Józef Beck to seek an agreement with Germany. Potocki later succinctly explained the situation in Poland by stating “Poland prefers Danzig to peace.”[34]/Ibid/., p. 419. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_34> President Roosevelt knew that Poland had caused the crisis which began at Danzig, and he was worried that the American public might learn the truth about the situation. This could be a decisive factor in discouraging Roosevelt’s plan for American military intervention in Europe. Roosevelt instructed U.S. Ambassador Biddle to urge the Poles to be more careful in making it appear that German moves were responsible for any inevitable explosion at Danzig. Biddle reported to Roosevelt on August 11, 1939, that Beck expressed no interest in engaging in a series of elaborate but empty maneuvers designed to deceive the American public. Beck stated that at the moment he was content to have full British support for his policy.[35]/Ibid/., p. 414. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_35> Roosevelt also feared that American politicians might discover the facts about the hopeless dilemma which Poland’s provocative policy created for Germany. When American Democratic Party Campaign Manager and Post-Master General James Farley visited Berlin, Roosevelt instructed the American Embassy in Berlin to prevent unsupervised contact between Farley and the German leaders. The German Foreign Office concluded on August 10, 1939 that it was impossible to penetrate the wall of security around Farley. The Germans knew that President Roosevelt was determined to prevent them from freely communicating with visiting American leaders.[36]/Ibid/., p. 417. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_36> Polish Atrocities Force War <#polish-atrocities-force-war> On August 14, 1939, the Polish authorities in East Upper Silesia launched a campaign of mass arrests against the German minority. The Poles then proceeded to close and confiscate the remaining German businesses, clubs and welfare installations. The arrested Germans were forced to march toward the interior of Poland in prisoner columns. The various German groups in Poland were frantic by this time; they feared the Poles would attempt the total extermination of the German minority in the event of war. Thousands of Germans were seeking to escape arrest by crossing the border into Germany. Some of the worst recent Polish atrocities included the mutilation of several Germans. The Polish public was urged not to regard their German minority as helpless hostages who could be butchered with impunity.[37]/Ibid./, pp. 452-453. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_37> Rudolf Wiesner, who was the most prominent of the German minority leaders in Poland, spoke of a disaster “of inconceivable magnitude” since the early months of 1939. Wiesner claimed that the last Germans had been dismissed from their jobs without the benefit of unemployment relief, and that hunger and privation were stamped on the faces of the Germans in Poland. German welfare agencies, cooperatives and trade associations had been closed by Polish authorities. Exceptional martial-law conditions of the earlier frontier zone had been extended to include more than one-third of the territory of Poland. The mass arrests, deportations, mutilations and beatings of the last few weeks in Poland surpassed anything that had happened before. Wiesner insisted that the German minority leaders merely desired the restoration of peace, the banishment of the specter of war, and the right to live and work in peace. Wiesner was arrested by the Poles on August 16, 1939 on suspicion of conducting espionage for Germany in Poland.[38]/Ibid./, p. 463. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_38> The German press devoted increasing space to detailed accounts of atrocities against the Germans in Poland. The /Völkischer Beobachter/ reported that more than 80,000 German refugees from Poland had succeeded in reaching German territory by August 20, 1939. The German Foreign Office had received a huge file of specific reports of excesses against national and ethnic Germans in Poland. More than 1,500 documented reports had been received since March 1939, and more than 10 detailed reports were arriving in the German Foreign Office each day. The reports presented a staggering picture of brutality and human misery.[39]/Ibid/., p. 479. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_39> W. L. White, an American journalist, later recalled that there was no doubt among well-informed people by this time that horrible atrocities were being inflicted every day on the Germans of Poland.[40]/Ibid/., p. 554. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342.) <#footnote_40> Donald Day, a /Chicago Tribune/ correspondent, reported on the atrocious treatment the Poles had meted out to the ethnic Germans in Poland: …I traveled up to the Polish corridor where the German authorities permitted me to interview the German refugees from many Polish cities and towns. The story was the same. Mass arrests and long marches along roads toward the interior of Poland. The railroads were crowded with troop movements. Those who fell by the wayside were shot. The Polish authorities seemed to have gone mad. I have been questioning people all my life and I think I know how to make deductions from the exaggerated stories told by people who have passed through harrowing personal experiences. But even with generous allowance, the situation was plenty bad. To me the war seemed only a question of hours.[41]Day, Donald, /Onward Christian Soldiers/, Newport Beach, Cal.: The Noontide Press, 2002, p. 56. <#footnote_41> British Ambassador Nevile Henderson in Berlin was concentrating on obtaining recognition from Halifax of the cruel fate of the German minority in Poland. Henderson emphatically warned Halifax on August 24, 1939, that German complaints about the treatment of the German minority in Poland were fully supported by the facts. Henderson knew that the Germans were prepared to negotiate, and he stated to Halifax that war between Poland and Germany was inevitable unless negotiations were resumed between the two countries. Henderson pleaded with Halifax that it would be contrary to Polish interests to attempt a full military occupation of Danzig, and he added a scathingly effective denunciation of Polish policy. What Henderson failed to realize is that Halifax was pursuing war for its own sake as an instrument of policy. Halifax desired the complete destruction of Germany.[42]Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550. <#footnote_42> On August 25, 1939, Ambassador Henderson reported to Halifax the latest Polish atrocity at Bielitz, Upper Silesia. Henderson never relied on official German statements concerning these incidents, but instead based his reports on information he received from neutral sources. The Poles continued to forcibly deport the Germans of that area, and compelled them to march into the interior of Poland. Eight Germans were murdered and many more were injured during one of these actions. Hitler was faced with a terrible dilemma. If Hitler did nothing, the Germans of Poland and Danzig would be abandoned to the cruelty and violence of a hostile Poland. If Hitler took effective action against the Poles, the British and French might declare war against Germany. Henderson feared that the Bielitz atrocity would be the final straw to prompt Hitler to invade Poland. Henderson, who strongly desired peace with Germany, deplored the failure of the British government to exercise restraint over the Polish authorities.[43]/Ibid/., p. 509 (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_43> On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union entered into the Molotov-Ribbentrop agreement. This non-aggression pact contained a secret protocol which recognized a Russian sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. German recognition of this Soviet sphere of influence would not apply in the event of a diplomatic settlement of the German-Polish dispute. Hitler had hoped to recover the diplomatic initiative through the Molotov-Ribbentrop nonaggression pact. However, Chamberlain warned Hitler in a letter dated August 23, 1939, that Great Britain would support Poland with military force regardless of the Molotov-Ribbentrop agreement. Józef Beck also continued to refuse to negotiate a peaceful settlement with Germany.[44]/Ibid/., pp. 470, 483, 538. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_44> ORDER IT NOW Germany made a new offer to Poland on August 29, 1939, for a last diplomatic campaign to settle the German-Polish dispute. The terms of a new German plan for a settlement, the so-called Marienwerder proposals, were less important than the offer to negotiate as such. The terms of the Marienwerder proposals were intended as nothing more than a tentative German plan for a possible settlement. The German government emphasized that these terms were formulated to offer a basis for unimpeded negotiations between equals rather than constituting a series of demands which Poland would be required to accept. There was nothing to prevent the Poles from offering an entirely new set of proposals of their own. The Germans, in offering to negotiate with Poland, were indicating that they favored a diplomatic settlement over war with Poland. The willingness of the Poles to negotiate would not in any way have implied a Polish retreat or their readiness to recognize the German annexation of Danzig. The Poles could have justified their acceptance to negotiate with the announcement that Germany, and not Poland, had found it necessary to request new negotiations. In refusing to negotiate, the Poles were announcing that they favored war. The refusal of British Foreign Secretary Halifax to encourage the Poles to negotiate indicated that he also favored war.[45]/Ibid/., pp. 513-514. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_45> French Prime Minister Daladier and British Prime Minister Chamberlain were both privately critical of the Polish government. Daladier in private denounced the “criminal folly” of the Poles. Chamberlain admitted to Ambassador Joseph Kennedy that it was the Poles, and not the Germans, who were unreasonable. Kennedy reported to President Roosevelt, “frankly he [Chamberlain] is more worried about getting the Poles to be reasonable than the Germans.” However, neither Daladier nor Chamberlain made any effort to influence the Poles to negotiate with the Germans.[46]/Ibid/., pp. 441, 549. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_46> On August 29, 1939, the Polish government decided upon the general mobilization of its army. The Polish military plans stipulated that general mobilization would be ordered only in the event of Poland’s decision for war. Henderson informed Halifax of some of the verified Polish violations prior to the war. The Poles blew up the Dirschau (Tczew) bridge across the Vistula River even though the eastern approach to the bridge was in German territory (East Prussia). The Poles also occupied a number of Danzig installations and engaged in fighting with the citizens of Danzig on the same day. Henderson reported that Hitler was not insisting on the total military defeat of Poland. Hitler was prepared to terminate hostilities if the Poles indicated that they were willing to negotiate a satisfactory settlement.[47]/Ibid/., pp. 537, 577. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_47> Germany decided to invade Poland on September 1, 1939. All of the British leaders claimed that the entire responsibility for starting the war was Hitler’s. Prime Minister Chamberlain broadcast that evening on British radio that “the responsibility for this terrible catastrophe (war in Poland) lies on the shoulders of one man, the German Chancellor.” Chamberlain claimed that Hitler had ordered Poland to come to Berlin with the unconditional obligation of accepting without discussion the exact German terms. Chamberlain denied that Germany had invited the Poles to engage in normal negotiations. Chamberlain’s statements were unvarnished lies, but the Polish case was so weak that it was impossible to defend it with the truth. Halifax also delivered a cleverly hypocritical speech to the House of Lords on the evening of September 1, 1939. Halifax claimed that the best proof of the British will to peace was to have Chamberlain, the great appeasement leader, carry Great Britain into war. Halifax concealed the fact that he had taken over the direction of British foreign policy from Chamberlain in October 1938, and that Great Britain would probably not be moving into war had this not happened. He assured his audience that Hitler, before the bar of history, would have to assume full responsibility for starting the war. Halifax insisted that the English conscience was clear, and that, in looking back, he did not wish to change a thing as far as British policy was concerned.[48]/Ibid/., pp. 578-579. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_48> On September 2, 1939, Italy and Germany agreed to hold a mediation conference among themselves and Great Britain, France and Poland. Halifax attempted to destroy the conference plan by insisting that Germany withdraw her forces from Poland and Danzig before Great Britain and France would consider attending the mediation conference. French Foreign Minister Bonnet knew that no nation would accept such treatment, and that the attitude of Halifax was unreasonable and unrealistic. Ultimately, the mediation effort collapsed, and both Great Britain and France declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939. When Hitler read the British declaration of war against Germany, he paused and asked of no one in particular: “What now?”[49]/Ibid/., pp. 586, 593, 598. (Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550.) <#footnote_49> Germany was now in an unnecessary war with three European nations. Similar to the other British leaders, Nevile Henderson, the British ambassador to Germany, later claimed that the entire responsibility for starting the war was Hitler’s. Henderson wrote in his memoirs in 1940: “If Hitler wanted peace he knew how to insure it; if he wanted war, he knew equally well what would bring it about. The choice lay with him, and in the end the entire responsibility for war was his.”[50]Henderson, Nevile, /Failure of a Mission/, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1940, p. 227. <#footnote_50> Henderson forgot in this passage that he had repeatedly warned Halifax that the Polish atrocities against the German minority in Poland were extreme. Hitler invaded Poland in order to end these atrocities. Polish Atrocities Continue against German Minority <#polish-atrocities-continue-against-german-minority> The Germans in Poland continued to experience an atmosphere of terror in the early part of September 1939. Throughout the country the Germans had been told, “If war comes to Poland you will all be hanged.” This prophecy was later fulfilled in many cases. The famous Bloody Sunday in Toruń on September 3, 1939, was accompanied by similar massacres elsewhere in Poland. These massacres brought a tragic end to the long suffering of many ethnic Germans. This catastrophe had been anticipated by the Germans before the outbreak of war, as reflected by the flight, or attempted escape, of large numbers of Germans from Poland. The feelings of these Germans were revealed by the desperate slogan, “Away from this hell, and back to the Reich!”[51]Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 390. <#footnote_51> Dr. Alfred-Maurice de Zayas writes concerning the ethnic Germans in Poland: The first victims of the war were Volksdeutsche, ethnic German civilians resident in and citizens of Poland. Using lists prepared years earlier, in part by lower administrative offices, Poland immediately deported 15,000 Germans to Eastern Poland. Fear and rage at the quick German victories led to hysteria. German “spies” were seen everywhere, suspected of forming a fifth column. More than 5,000 German civilians were murdered in the first days of the war. They were hostages and scapegoats at the same time. Gruesome scenes were played out in Bromberg on September 3, as well as in several other places throughout the province of Posen, in Pommerellen, wherever German minorities resided.[52]De Zayas, Alfred-Maurice, /A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans/, 2^nd edition, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, p. 27. <#footnote_52> Polish atrocities against ethnic Germans have been documented in the book /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/. Most of the outside world dismissed this book as nothing more than propaganda used to justify Hitler’s invasion of Poland. However, skeptics failed to notice that forensic pathologists from the International Red Cross and medical and legal observers from the United States verified the findings of these investigations of Polish war crimes. These investigations were also conducted by German police and civil administrations, and not the National Socialist Party or the German military. Moreover, both anti-German and other university-trained researchers have acknowledged that the charges in the book are based entirely on factual evidence.[53]Roland, Marc, “Poland’s Censored Holocaust,” /The Barnes Review in Review: 2008-2010/, pp. 132-133. <#footnote_53> The book /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland /stated: When the first edition of this collection of documents went to press on November 17, 1939, 5,437 cases of murder committed by soldiers of the Polish army and by Polish civilians against men, women and children of the German minority had been definitely ascertained. It was known that the total when fully ascertained would be very much higher. Between that date and February 1, 1940, the number of identified victims mounted to 12,857. At the present stage investigations disclose that in addition to these 12,857, more than 45,000 persons are still missing. Since there is no trace of them, they must also be considered victims of the Polish terror. Even the figure 58,000 is not final. There can be no doubt that the inquiries now being carried out will result in the disclosure of additional thousands dead and missing.[54]Shadewalt, Hans, /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/, Berlin and New York: German Library of Information, 2^nd edition, 1940, p. 19. <#footnote_54> Medical examinations of the dead showed that Germans of all ages, from four months to 82 years of age, were murdered. The report concluded: It was shown that the murders were committed with the greatest brutality and that in many cases they were purely sadistic acts—that gouging of eyes was established and that other forms of mutilation, as supported by the depositions of witnesses, may be considered as true. The method by which the individual murders were committed in many cases reveals studied physical and mental torture; in this connection several cases of killing extended over many hours and of slow death due to neglect had to be mentioned. By far the most important finding seems to be the proof that murder by such chance weapons as clubs or knives was the exception, and that as a rule modern, highly-effective army rifles and pistols were available to the murderers. It must be emphasized further that it was possible to show, down to the minutest detail, that there could have been no possibility of execution [under military law].[55]/Ibid/., pp. 257-258. (Shadewalt, Hans, /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/, Berlin and New York: German Library of Information, 2^nd edition, 1940, p. 19.) <#footnote_55> The Polish atrocities were not acts of personal revenge, professional jealously or class hatred; instead, they were a concerted political action. They were organized mass murders caused by a psychosis of political animosity. The hate-inspired urge to destroy everything German was driven by the Polish press, radio, school and government propaganda. Britain’s blank check of support had encouraged Poland to conduct inhuman atrocities against its German minority.[56]/Ibid/., pp. 88-89. (Shadewalt, Hans, /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/, Berlin and New York: German Library of Information, 2^nd edition, 1940, p. 19.) <#footnote_56> The book /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/ explained why the Polish government encouraged such atrocities: The guarantee of assistance given Poland by the British Government was the agent which lent impetus to Britain’s policy of encirclement. It was designed to exploit the problem of Danzig and the Corridor to begin a war, desired and long-prepared by England, for the annihilation of Greater Germany. In Warsaw moderation was no longer considered necessary, and the opinion held was that matters could be safely brought to a head. England was backing this diabolical game, having guaranteed the “integrity” of the Polish state. The British assurance of assistance meant that Poland was to be the battering ram of Germany’s enemies. Henceforth Poland neglected no form of provocation of Germany and, in its blindness, dreamt of “victorious battle at Berlin’s gates.” Had it not been for the encouragement of the English war clique, which was stiffening Poland’s attitude toward the Reich and whose promises led Warsaw to feel safe, the Polish Government would hardly have let matters develop to the point where Polish soldiers and civilians would eventually interpret the slogan to extirpate all German influence as an incitement to the murder and bestial mutilation of human beings.[57]/Ibid/., pp. 75-76. (Shadewalt, Hans, /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/, Berlin and New York: German Library of Information, 2^nd edition, 1940, p. 19.) <#footnote_57> Endnotes <#endnotes> [1] <#footnoteref_1> Taylor, A.J.P., /The Origins of the Second World War/, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961, p. 207. [2] <#footnoteref_2> DeConde, Alexander, /A History of American Foreign Policy/, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971, p. 576. [3] <#footnoteref_3> Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 25, 312. [4] <#footnoteref_4> Taylor, A.J.P., /The Origins of the Second World War/, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961, p. 209. [5] <#footnoteref_5> Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 50. [6] <#footnoteref_6> /Ibid/., pp. 49-60. [7] <#footnoteref_7> /Ibid/., pp. 328-329. [8] <#footnoteref_8> /Ibid/., pp. 145-146. [9] <#footnoteref_9> /Ibid., /p. 21. [10] <#footnoteref_10> /Ibid./, pp. 21, 256-257. [11] <#footnoteref_11> /Ibid/., p. 323. [12] <#footnoteref_12> Barnett, Correlli, /The Collapse of British Power/, New York: William Morrow, 1972, p. 560; see also Taylor, A.J.P., /The Origins of the Second World War/, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961, p. 211. [13] <#footnoteref_13> Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 333, 340. [14] <#footnoteref_14> Denman, Roy, /Missed Chances: Britain and Europe in the Twentieth Century/, London: Indigo, 1997, p. 121. [15] <#footnoteref_15> Ferguson, Niall, /The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West/, New York: Penguin Press, 2006, p. 377. [16] <#footnoteref_16> Hart, B. H. Liddell, /History of the Second World War/, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970, p. 11. [17] <#footnoteref_17> Watt, Richard M., /Bitter Glory: Poland and Its Fate 1918 to 1939/, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979, p. 379. [18] <#footnoteref_18> Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 342. [19] <#footnoteref_19> /Ibid/., p. 391. [20] <#footnoteref_20> /Ibid/., pp. 260-262. [21] <#footnoteref_21> /Ibid/., pp. 311-312. [22] <#footnoteref_22> /Ibid/., pp. 355, 357. [23] <#footnoteref_23> /Ibid/., pp. 381, 383. [24] <#footnoteref_24> /Ibid/., pp. 384, 387. [25] <#footnoteref_25> /Ibid/., p. 387. [26] <#footnoteref_26> /Ibid./, pp. 388-389. [27] <#footnoteref_27> /Ibid/. [28] <#footnoteref_28> /Ibid/., pp. 392-393. [29] <#footnoteref_29> /Ibid/., pp. 405-406. [30] <#footnoteref_30> /Ibid/., p. 412. [31] <#footnoteref_31> /Ibid./ p. 413. [32] <#footnoteref_32> /Ibid/., pp. 413-415. [33] <#footnoteref_33> /Ibid./ p. 419. In a footnote, the author notes that a report of the same matters appeared in the /New York Times/ for August 8, 1939. [34] <#footnoteref_34> /Ibid/., p. 419. [35] <#footnoteref_35> /Ibid/., p. 414. [36] <#footnoteref_36> /Ibid/., p. 417. [37] <#footnoteref_37> /Ibid./, pp. 452-453. [38] <#footnoteref_38> /Ibid./, p. 463. [39] <#footnoteref_39> /Ibid/., p. 479. [40] <#footnoteref_40> /Ibid/., p. 554. [41] <#footnoteref_41> Day, Donald, /Onward Christian Soldiers/, Newport Beach, Cal.: The Noontide Press, 2002, p. 56. [42] <#footnoteref_42> Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, pp. 500-501, 550. [43] <#footnoteref_43> /Ibid/., p. 509 [44] <#footnoteref_44> /Ibid/., pp. 470, 483, 538. [45] <#footnoteref_45> /Ibid/., pp. 513-514. [46] <#footnoteref_46> /Ibid/., pp. 441, 549. [47] <#footnoteref_47> /Ibid/., pp. 537, 577. [48] <#footnoteref_48> /Ibid/., pp. 578-579. [49] <#footnoteref_49> /Ibid/., pp. 586, 593, 598. [50] <#footnoteref_50> Henderson, Nevile, /Failure of a Mission/, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1940, p. 227. [51] <#footnoteref_51> Hoggan, David L., /The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed/, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Institute for Historical Review, 1989, p. 390. [52] <#footnoteref_52> De Zayas, Alfred-Maurice, /A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans/, 2^nd edition, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, p. 27. [53] <#footnoteref_53> Roland, Marc, “Poland’s Censored Holocaust,” /The Barnes Review in Review: 2008-2010/, pp. 132-133. [54] <#footnoteref_54> Shadewalt, Hans, /Polish Acts of Atrocity against the German Minority in Poland/, Berlin and New York: German Library of Information, 2^nd edition, 1940, p. 19. [55] <#footnoteref_55> /Ibid/., pp. 257-258. [56] <#footnoteref_56> /Ibid/., pp. 88-89. [57] <#footnoteref_57> /Ibid/., pp. 75-76. (Republished from Inconvenient History by permission of author or representative) ← Babi Yar: the Einsatzgruppen Killings Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War ... → • Category: History • Tags: Germany , World War II Recently from Author <#recent-pieces> * How Many Germans Died Under RAF Bombs at Dresden in 1945? * Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War II in Europe * Babi Yar: the Einsatzgruppen Killings Related Pieces by Author <#related-pieces> * How Many Germans Died Under RAF Bombs at Dresden in 1945? * Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War II in Europe * Babi Yar: the Einsatzgruppen Killings Of Related Interest How Many Germans Died Under RAF Bombs at Dresden in 1945? John Wear • 277 Comments • Reply American Pravda: Post-War France and Post-War Germany Ron Unz • 531 Comments • Reply Why Germany Attacked the Soviet Union Hitler’s Declaration of War Against the USSR - Two Historic Documents Mark Weber • 1,097 Comments • Reply ← Babi Yar: the Einsatzgruppen Killings Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War ... → Hide 78 CommentsLeave a Comment <#respond> 78 Comments to "Why Germany Invaded Poland" Commenters to Ignore*Commenters to ignore (one per line)* Save ListCancel ...to Follow*Commenters to follow (one per line)* Save ListCancel Endorsed Only *Trim Comments?* [] 1. aandrews says: August 26, 2019 at 4:13 am GMT <#comment-3414112> Although I’d more or less formed the notion, from previous reading, that Poland was “suckin’ around for a good whackin’” prior to the German attack, I’ve never encountered such a thorough explanation in one place. Read More • *Replies: *@alexander <#comment-3414674> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 2. Talha says: August 26, 2019 at 4:16 am GMT <#comment-3414120> Hmmm, no mention of the possibility they were simply trying to LARP the Teutonic Knights multiple wars with Poland and it went a little too far…🤔. Peace. Read More • *LOL: *Redneck farmer ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 3. Carlton Meyer says: • Website August 26, 2019 at 4:16 am GMT <#comment-3414121> • 100 Words “Great Britain for the first time in history had left the decision whether or not to fight a war outside of her own country to another nation.” This leads to other questions. Why didn’t Great Britain declare war on the Soviet Union when it invaded Poland? Secondly, once the Polish question was ended by the German/Soviet partition, why did a near bankrupt Great Britain not accept German peace proposals to withdraw from non-German areas in Poland and France? Why did Churchill destroy the British empire and much of Europe? Read More • *Agree: *anon19 , Thulean Friend • *Replies: *@Wally <#comment-3414156> , @Colin Wright <#comment-3414179> , @Rutger Spuds <#comment-3414203> , @Teleros <#comment-3414341> , @Wizard of Oz <#comment-3414621> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 4. FB says: August 26, 2019 at 4:30 am GMT <#comment-3414136> • 200 Words Didn’t read the ‘article’ but here’s a list of logical reasons why Nazi Germany invaded Poland… 1…Poland was massing its army, poised to invade Germany and the Nazis had no choice but to strike first…as would be the case with Russia two years later… 2…Poland had a lot of Jews and Shitler wanted to make sure they could all get to Palestine safely…or Madagascar…or Birobidjan Jewish Autonomous Oblast…or…fill in blank…etc… 3…The Poles were making a lot of noise about how the German race was inferior…’subhumans’…whatever the word is in Polish… 4…The Poles needed ‘living space’ and were planning to colonize Germany and make one third of the German population into slave labor…send another third east of the Urals…and the final third would be liquidated…by means of extermination camps and a gas called ‘kolbasa 1’… There are probably more, so you Shitler fan boys might want to read the ‘article’…and then ‘discuss’ amongst yourselves… TRALALALALA… What was that Mr Unz said about ‘deranged’ comments…? No…surely not on this website…with such fine ‘work’ as this ‘author’… Read More • *Replies: *@NoseytheDuke <#comment-3414498> , @Wally <#comment-3414708> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 5. Colin Wright says: • Website August 26, 2019 at 4:34 am GMT <#comment-3414139> • 100 Words The credibility of the piece is considerably weakened by the fact that footnotes five through eleven all refer solely to a publication of the Institute for Historical Review. If the claims made are valid, surely a more mainstream source could be offered. This would be particularly true of footnotes eight and ten, which make some startling claims about the content of Hitler’s settlement offer. Read More • *Replies: *@Counterinsurgency <#comment-3414410> , @Deutscher <#comment-3414415> , @Hippopotamusdrome <#comment-3414429> , @Wally <#comment-3414715> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 6. anon19 says: August 26, 2019 at 4:53 am GMT <#comment-3414153> The pledge to Poland was the most retarded and idiotic action ever taken by ANY British government in all of history. PURE INSANITY. Even CRAZIER was the fact that the brain-dead Poles actually believed it. Funny how London never declared war on the Soviet Union too….. Read More • *Replies: *@Born2Vespa <#comment-3414593> , @Carolyn Yeager <#comment-3414724> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 7. Wally says: • Website August 26, 2019 at 4:58 am GMT <#comment-3414156> • 200 Words @Carlton Meyer <#comment-3414121> said: “This leads to other questions. Why didn’t Great Britain declare war on the Soviet Union when it invaded Poland? ” More inconvenient facts: – Poland invaded and annexed parts of Czechoslovakia, held large parts of German territory, was engaged in atrocities against German civilians, Poland gave Lithuania an ultimatum upon threat of invasion. Yet the Britain, France did nothing. – USSR invaded Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, invaded & annexed parts of Romania, invaded Iran, invaded northern Norway and the Danish island of Bornholm, yet Britain & France did nothing. – The “neutral” US had been attacking German U-boats & shipping, while supplying both Britain & the USSR long before Germany’s declaration of war on the US. – Britain invaded & was mining Norway at Narvik /before/ Germany arrived & stopped it. – France had positioned 2 million soldiers on the Belgian border, and the BEF had almost another half million. – France and England were already violating Belgian and Dutch “neutrality” with impunity by flying military aircraft over the lowlands. – It is also important to remember that France had already invaded Germany, the Saar in 1939, and that throughout this entire period Hitler was begging Churchill to negotiate a return to the status quo. “Hitler will have no war, but he will be forced into it, not this year but later…” – (Jew Emil Ludwig, Les Annales, June, 1934) recommended: *Polish Atrocities against Germans before 1. September 1939*: https://forum.codoh.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=7525 *Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War II in Europe*: http://www.unz.com/article/roosevelt-conspired-to-start-world-war-ii-in-europe/ Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 8. anon19 says: August 26, 2019 at 5:01 am GMT <#comment-3414160> The Poles were jackasses. They bear a large degree of responsibility for the war. Read More • *Replies: *@Old and grumpy <#comment-3414455> , @Hillbob <#comment-3414540> , @ken <#comment-3414599> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 9. Colin Wright says: • Website August 26, 2019 at 5:25 am GMT <#comment-3414175> • 300 Words The most egregious sin in this piece is not one of commission, but of omission. Yes, Britain became intransigent, and yes, it issued a guarantee to Poland that it would come to her aid if Germany threatened her sovereignty. What Wear spectacularly fails to discuss is /why/ Britain did this. The previous October, the Czech crisis had apparently been settled when Czechoslovakia was forced to make extensive territorial concessions to Germany. Chamberlain had hailed this as guaranteeing ‘peace in our time.’ Hitler had no more territorial ambitions in Europe — or so he said. On March 6th, 1939, Germany simply ignored the pact of the previous October and marched into the rump of the Czech state, openly flouting its commitments. Later the same month, Britain issued its guarantee to Poland — this time unequivocally committing itself to war if Hitler threatened the independence of another state. The connection was — to say the least — obvious, but Wear simply omits it. Britain’s decision to finally draw a line in the sand becomes an arbitrary invitation to war. The motive is not to halt German aggression, but an arbitrary desire to ‘destroy Germany.’ In fact, of course, Britain had acquiesced in Hitler’s reoccupation of the Rhineland and his annexation of Austria, and had found itself forced to accept his seizure of Czechoslovakia. It had merely at last decided enough was enough. There is much about the Second World War that should be reevaluated and reappraised. However, there’s little point in substituting a second set of lies for the first. Read More • *Agree: *Miro23 , FB • *Replies: *@Alfred <#comment-3414607> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 10. Colin Wright says: • Website August 26, 2019 at 5:32 am GMT <#comment-3414179> • 100 Words @Carlton Meyer <#comment-3414121> /‘This leads to other questions. Why didn’t Great Britain declare war on the Soviet Union when it invaded Poland? ‘/ Because fighting one major power at a time was enough? In any case, Britain did come very close to going to war with the Soviet Union in the ensuing months. There were the schemes mooted to bomb Baku, and the French and British were girding up their loins to send an expeditionary force to help the Finns fight the Russians when that country finally capitulated. One has to recall the sheer /terror/ the memory of the First World War inspired in Britain and France. The wonder isn’t that they didn’t declare war on Russia, but that they actually found the fortitude to declare war on Germany. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 11. obwandiyag says: August 26, 2019 at 5:49 am GMT <#comment-3414186> Because Poland was so dangerous. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 12. Rutger Spuds says: August 26, 2019 at 6:11 am GMT <#comment-3414203> • 100 Words @Carlton Meyer <#comment-3414121> I’m given to understand that it was written into the agreement with Poland that the guarantee (which was worthless anyway as it happens) that Britain would come to Poland’s aid only applied to an invasion from the West by Germany and that invasion from the East by Russia was explicitly excluded. My source for that is the British journalist Peter Hitchens. Read More • *Replies: *@eah <#comment-3414484> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 13. Dube says: August 26, 2019 at 6:50 am GMT <#comment-3414235> • 100 Words /Great Britain’s Blank Check to Poland. /Mr. Wear, I see no language in the passage that you cite from Chamberlain’s words of March 31, 1939 that offers an unconditional “blank check.” I emphasize conditions below, in bold. /I now have to inform the House…that in the event of any action which *clearly threatened Polish independence* and which the Polish Government accordingly considered it vital to *resist* with their national forces, His Majesty’s Government would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Polish Government all support in their power. They have given the Polish Government an assurance to that effect.[12]/ Where is official language expressing commitment that /“The British Empire agreed to go to war as an ally of Poland *if the Poles decided that war was necessary.*“/? Read More • *Replies: *@Parfois1 <#comment-3414442> , @MarkU <#comment-3414514> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 14. Franz says: August 26, 2019 at 7:02 am GMT <#comment-3414243> • 200 Words Knew parts of this. The rest is even more sickening. Roosevelt should have been strung up like Mussolini. The other guy too. Despite a few patriots like Pat Buchanan, the right has more to answer for in all of this. They led the clean-up campaign against the pre-war “isolationists” and allowed history to be as skewed and falsified as it is now. The left was already dirty, but the “right” established after the war was instrumental in flattening the reputations of any person or organization connected to the old America First campaign. Charles Beard saw this coming: The Rockefeller Foundation and Council on Foreign Relations . . . intend to prevent, if they can, a repetition of what they call “the debunking journalistic campaign following World War I.” Translated into precise English, this means that the Foundation and the Council do not want journalists or any other persons to examine too closely and criticize too freely the official propaganda and statements relative to “our basic aims and activities” during World War II. *In short, they hope that the policies and measures of Franklin D. Roosevelt will escape in coming years the critical analysis, evaluation and exposition that befell the policies and measures of President Woodrow Wilson and the Entente Allies after World War I.* From: Charles Beard, “Who’s to Write the History of the War?” Saturday Evening Post (October 4, 1947). Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 15. GMC says: August 26, 2019 at 7:13 am GMT <#comment-3414256> • 200 Words A great article – again – Boy, this thing called the internet, is just exploding with the truer history facts, that have been buried, twisted, rewritten, propagandized, and used for the big NWO Show ! In Germany and other counties , its against the Law to show, write or speak against the real Holocaust History that was written by the Zionist Jews and their Cabal. We need an International Law that puts you away, for hiding the real facts about our history and past acts that have brainwashed the citizens of the world. We would need a thousand more prisons, but we would save trillions in the long run. Imagine a guy living in Russia that understands that the Soviets , were indeed going to over run/invade East Europe and maybe further, but the German Gov. {who were really terrified of the Bolshevik Zionists } – got wind of this and struck – first. Or a man in the US that calls out the Jewish Zionists for destroying, looting, and lobbying for laws that overrun the country with Unlimited, Open Immigration/ Refugee Laws while stopping any more European Immigration. Both these scenarios, could possibly be proven in an unbiased civil court procedure. Only in Malaysia tho. Thanks Unz Rev. Read More • *Replies: *@Poupon Marx <#comment-3414730> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 16. Korenchkin says: August 26, 2019 at 7:21 am GMT <#comment-3414268> • 100 Words Oh joy, another Anti-Poland article for Hitler fanboys to circlejerk around Yeah, the greatest power of the time just let itself accidentally get dragged into war and Churchill had no plans to attack the Soviet Union pre 1941 The pile of rubble, formerly known as Warsaw and the tens of millions dead in the East shows how Hitler actually loved diplomacy and regarded Slavs as equals and was fighting to save them from Stalin and the Anglos PS: fuck communism Read More • *Agree: *Alden ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 17. Boult says: August 26, 2019 at 7:29 am GMT <#comment-3414276> Now I get it! Inferior beings like Poles and Palestinians should never be allowed to run their own countries. I mean, Germans and Jews could do it much better, couldn’t they? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 18. Eamon says: August 26, 2019 at 8:13 am GMT <#comment-3414302> • 100 Words And there we have it, folks: the Zionists have repaired their fences with the Germans and so once again Jews and Germans can continue their century-old struggle against Poland, which recently has had the nerve to demand war reparations from Germany and at the same time refuses to finance the American Holocaust Industry. And why on earth should Trump now be visiting Poland again? I mean — anti-Semitic and anti-German Poland! Can’t something be done to stop this? CNN? “The Washington Post”? Antifa? Can’t anyone do anything? This calls for a radical solution — Judeo-Polonia: http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/?p=191642#comment-934919 Read More • *Replies: *@Alden <#comment-3414579> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 19. GeeBee says: August 26, 2019 at 8:39 am GMT <#comment-3414321> • 400 Words Many thanks for this excellent – if necessarily heart-breaking – /exposé/ of the lies that have been spewed out by ‘The Allies’ for more than seventy years, in an all-too-successful attempt to justify their monstrous crime of starting World War Two. Emulating the classic tactic of the psychotic oppressor, which is to say ‘projecting’ his misdeeds onto his wretched victims, they have succeeded in portraying Adolf Hitler as ‘the acme of evil’; a megalomaniac hell-bent on world conquest; a heartless tyrant who glibly massacred millions; an existential threat to our priceless bequest of centuries of Western civilisation. Except that in reality he was the exact opposite of these things. Churchill and Roosevelt, on the other hand, exemplified all of them. It would be hard to imagine an evil more terrible than the unfolding of American policy (eagerly abetted by its satraps in Europe) since its victory over that same priceless bequest on 8th May 1945 – the blackest day in the history of our race. As for world conquest, any vestige of meaningful political power in Europe was yielded up to Zio-America on that same date, since when this evil empire has regarded itself as having /carte blanche/ to meddle and murder its way into every country perceived as being either ripe for Zio-exploitation or a troublesome obstacle standing in the way of its business of plunder and rapine. It need scarcely be added that the ‘massacre of millions’ has since been the gruesome accompaniment to these repulsive undertakings. Just how, it is pertinent to enquire, might even the bogus caricature of Hitler that too many of us have glibly and meekly swallowed, have been worse than this? I have written before (in my eight-part essay on National Socialism at the now sadly moribund Mickey’s Clubhouse Disqus channel) that if we true Western people might regard Wotan as an avatar both of ourselves and our culture, then May 1945 was our /Götterdämmerung/. We live, therefore, in ‘The Twilight of the Gods’, and just as Wotan expected no second chance, neither should we: the atrocious triumph of evil looks set to endure forever. In the short video clip of Leon Degrelle (a Belgian national who enlisted in the Waffen SS, and who rose to high rank within it), titled ‘We Dreamed of Something Marvellous’, scenes from the days of The Third Reich are juxtaposed with scenes from our contemporary modern culture, fittingly set to the strains of /Siegfried’s Tod/ from Wagner’s /Götterdämmerung/. It is well worth watching, if only for a heart-rending glimpse of what might have been and what we now have instead. https://archive.org/details/WeDreamedOfSomethingMarvellousLeonDegrelle Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 20. Teleros says: August 26, 2019 at 9:10 am GMT <#comment-3414341> • 200 Words @Carlton Meyer <#comment-3414121> Because the war was never about Poland. British policy re Europe for 100s of years had been to stop any hegemonic power in order to avoid an invasion of the British Isles. Hence war with France, Spain, France, France, France, and now Germany. Balance of power was the phrase used. Ever since Germany was formed back in the 19th century, war was all but inevitable under this policy. Germany had too much industry & manpower to maintain a balance of power & thus peace (ie, the peace that comes from being uncertain of victory due to the strength of the opposition, whether we’re talking France or Germany or whoever). Peace in 1939 would have merely been a short pause to prepare before it started up again – think Treaty of Amiens back in Napoleon’s day. For the British, Poland was only ever a pretext to hobbling the latest hegemonic power. Obviously think went a bit pear-shaped as the USSR conquered half of Europe & the Cold War model of rival alliances set in, but arguably even that worked out well from the balance of power / peace through uncertainty of victory model. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 21. All we like sheep says: August 26, 2019 at 10:09 am GMT <#comment-3414378> • 100 Words This historical investigation centers on Poland with great detail, but seems to steer away consciously from what happened in Czechoslovakia, how the British (& French) government betrayed the Czechoslovak government but also how the Germans undiplomatically occupied the Czech Republic and created the puppet regime of Slovakia. And all of a sudden one should believe the honest intentions of German diplomacy with regard to Poland? The truth is, that not only the German government acted as a crook, but all parties involved. Propaganda war was not Goebbels’ prerogative, but the pastime of all the warmongers. Read More • *Replies: *@Deutscher <#comment-3414412> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 22. A.R. says: August 26, 2019 at 10:24 am GMT <#comment-3414394> A very interesting summation of the circumstances that led to the german invasion of Poland in 1939. Recommended for everyone to read carefully. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 23. Deutscher says: August 26, 2019 at 10:37 am GMT <#comment-3414404> • 100 Words Looks like Poland really deserved the Katyn Forest Massacre. I guess Stalin did something right. Karma is such a bitch. But then again, a Pole would plant an egg in the ground to grow a chicken, so they probably never even saw it coming. Just be happy Hitler wasn’t as evil as he’s made out. Also looking forward to Britain becoming New Pakistan. Anglos really remind me of jews in their dealings. But that’s not really surprising either considering how mixed Anglo bloodlines are with the jews they’ve worshipped so much since Cromwell. England is the Latin America of Mischlings. I guess Europe is undergoing some long overdue changes. We Germans will survive in tact. We were loyal to the man God sent us, Hitler. And so God will grant us a future. I can’t say the same about Anglos lol Read More • *Replies: *@GeeBee <#comment-3414544> , @ken <#comment-3414613> , @Alden <#comment-3414615> , @Poupon Marx <#comment-3414750> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 24. Counterinsurgency says: August 26, 2019 at 10:43 am GMT <#comment-3414410> @Colin Wright <#comment-3414139> Seriously, you might consider posting sources of your own rather than, or perhaps in addition to, saying that you do not approve of sources used. I believe that this practice would make your posts and the discussion far more productive. Counterinsurgendy Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 25. Deutscher says: August 26, 2019 at 10:45 am GMT <#comment-3414412> • 100 Words @All we like sheep <#comment-3414378> Why did we owe them anything? The Sudentenlands were German and the Czechs were bruralizing Germans there. We were pretty nice to the Czechs. They deserved so much worse. The more I speaked the Anglo’s fork-tongued language the more I am convinced that Hitler really should have been as brutal as you liars slander him. I’d love to one day see Germans firebomb London and Birmingham into hot ashes, but when I hear about Paki rape gangs all over your cities, I realize Karma needs no assistance. Read More • *Replies: *@Anon <#comment-3414655> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 26. Counterinsurgency says: August 26, 2019 at 10:46 am GMT <#comment-3414413> Where’s the discussion of Germany’s agreement with the USSR to partition Poland? That had to have been a major part of this. Counterinsurgency Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 27. Deutscher says: August 26, 2019 at 10:51 am GMT <#comment-3414415> • 100 Words @Colin Wright <#comment-3414139> I am so sorry the bibliography doesn’t conform to your delicately nuanced sensibilities sir. Lol Anglos are so entitled, they even like yo cherry pick reality as if they’re unhappy with the menu at one of their colonial port restaurants. Sorry Anglo, but those days are long over. You are gonna have to start judging sources by whether or not they are true, and not by whether you personally like the person who wrote them. Read More • *Replies: *@refl <#comment-3414479> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 28. Hippopotamusdrome says: August 26, 2019 at 11:05 am GMT <#comment-3414429> @Colin Wright <#comment-3414139> If the claims made are valid, surely a more mainstream source could be offered. Look at the header of this website. “The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection A Collection of Interesting, Important, and Controversial Perspectives Largely *Excluded from the American Mainstream Media*“ Read More • *Agree: *GMC ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 29. Paul says: August 26, 2019 at 11:11 am GMT <#comment-3414438> Why? Because Poland was on the way of getting to the Soviet Union (with its Communists and oil). Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 30. Parfois1 says: August 26, 2019 at 11:14 am GMT <#comment-3414442> • 100 Words @Dube <#comment-3414235> Where is official language expressing commitment that “The British Empire agreed to go to war as an ally of Poland if the Poles decided that war was necessary.“? Finally someone can read English! Indeed there was no commitment for the UK going to war at all; only a pretence to encourage the Polish fools into the trap. All those diplomatic comments about England being held at the whim of bellicose Poles is pure theatre; the English knew what they were doing and why – getting Germany on the warpath and steer Adolph to the promised land further East. Read More • *Replies: *@MarkU <#comment-3414532> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 31. Old and grumpy says: August 26, 2019 at 11:25 am GMT <#comment-3414455> @anon19 <#comment-3414160> You beat me to this sentiment. I can’t wait to see what they do for an encore against Russia. They seem to be adept at being the provocateur. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 32. refl says: August 26, 2019 at 11:41 am GMT <#comment-3414467> • 200 Words In Germany, the outbreak of war is commonly associated with the assault by a German battleship on the Polish garrison on the Westerplatte peninsula. To understand the true nature of the British betrayal of Poland you have to actually visit the place: Westerplatte covers the access to the harbour of Danzig, which made its Polish garrison a nuissance and prime target in the event of war. It had no territorial connection to Polish territory and was only accesible from Danzig territory. The garrison was bound to be defeated and held out 9 days waiting for the British navy – noone had told them that the British navy was meant to rule the high seas and never would have been deployed to the Baltics. There were no designs ever in Britain to actually fullfill their promise. Poland, or what was left of it, only was liberated 50 years later, when the Soviets retreated. The current Polish leadership is begging for a repeat by asking the US to send them nuclear weapons. Poland was for the British the trip wire they needed to get into a war and have the Russians fight it. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 33. refl says: August 26, 2019 at 11:50 am GMT <#comment-3414479> • 100 Words @Deutscher <#comment-3414415> Now please, I would point him to Carol Quigley’s “Angloamerican Establishment” – it shows very neatly that the rise of German military power was a deliberate British plan, including arming Germany by delivering to it Czech armament. Quigley is not even against that establishment but he is honest enough to call them out. The story of what became of his books tells you all you have to know about the worth of the so called Mainstream. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 34. eah says: August 26, 2019 at 11:55 am GMT <#comment-3414484> • 400 Words @Rutger Spuds <#comment-3414203> /Why didn’t Great Britain declare war on the Soviet Union when it invaded Poland?/ The original ‘guarantee’ — if you want to call it that — was in the form of a statement made by Neville Chamberlain in the House of Commons on 31 Mar 1939: … in the event of any action which clearly threatened Polish independence, and which the Polish Government accordingly considered it vital to resist with their national forces, His Majesty’s Government would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Polish Government all support in their power. They have given the Polish Government an assurance to this effect. I may add that the French Government have authorised me to make it plain that they stand in the same position in this matter as do His Majesty’s Government. This was formalized later on 25 Aug 1939 in the Agreement of Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and Poland-London , which had some room for interpretation (“European Power”, “all the support and assistance in its power”): *ARTICLE I.* Should one of the Contracting Parties become engaged in hostilities with a European Power in consequence of aggression by the latter against that Contracting Party, the other Contracting Party will at once give the Contracting Party engaged in hostilities all the support and assistance in its power. A ‘secret protocol’ clarified that the only “European Power” that would necessarily trigger “all the support and assistance in its power” was Germany (*/some emphasis/*): *Secret Protocol attached to the Agreement of Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and Poland signed on the 25th August 1939* The Government of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland and the Polish Government are agreed upon */the following interpretation of the Agreement of Mutual Assistance signed this day as alone authentic and binding/*. 1. (a) By the expression */“a European Power” employed in the Agreement is to be understood Germany/*. (b) In the event of action within the meaning of Article 1 or 2 of the Agreement by */a “European Power” other than Germany, the Contracting Parties will consult together on the measures to be taken in common/*. So the answer to the question “Why didn’t Great Britain declare war on the Soviet Union when it invaded Poland?” is: because according to the specific (and secret) terms of the agreement finalized before the German invasion, they were not obligated to do so. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 35. NoseytheDuke says: August 26, 2019 at 12:07 pm GMT <#comment-3414498> @FB <#comment-3414136> You do yourself no favour by commenting on an article that you admit to have not read. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 36. MarkU says: August 26, 2019 at 12:27 pm GMT <#comment-3414514> @Dube <#comment-3414235> How about this? https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Agreement_of_Mutual_Assistance_between_the_United_Kingdom_and_Poland-London_(1939) Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 37. MarkU says: August 26, 2019 at 12:49 pm GMT <#comment-3414532> • 100 Words @Parfois1 <#comment-3414442> Finally someone can read English! Indeed there was no commitment for the UK going to war at all; only a pretence to encourage the Polish fools into the trap. All those diplomatic comments about England being held at the whim of bellicose Poles is pure theatre; the English knew what they were doing and why – getting Germany on the warpath and steer Adolph to the promised land further East. An interesting hypothesis to be sure, and one which would be worthy of consideration except for one small detail that you have apparently overlooked. The British did actually declare war on Germany. Read More • *Replies: *@Parfois1 <#comment-3414686> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 38. szopen says: August 26, 2019 at 12:55 pm GMT <#comment-3414538> • 100 Words Don’t forget about POles in Germany having the audacity to storm into the Nazi COncentration Camps, and then having the balls to dare to close their own schools in Germany (last one in Bytom closed in 1939) – and all that after those pesky Polish students cowardly jumping towards stones thrown innocently to air by brave German heroes. Next time you will argue it was POland which invaded Germany. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 39. Hillbob says: August 26, 2019 at 12:56 pm GMT <#comment-3414540> @anon19 <#comment-3414160> Really?……..and Mein Kampf written nearly 15 years before means nothing? Ah those pesky untermenschen sitting on land that belongs to us. BTW , any difference with a certain chosen lot in the ME? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 40. GeeBee says: August 26, 2019 at 12:58 pm GMT <#comment-3414544> • 300 Words @Deutscher <#comment-3414404> It is refreshing to hear from an actual German who is not just another Anglo-Zionist dupe. I am British, and whenever I read comments (there are several on this thread already) calling us names such as ‘Hitler fanboys’ I wonder two things. The first is whether the writer is a hasbara/JIDF troll or just another brainwashed American (or indeed European) dupe, who continues to believe in the fairy stories he has had hammered into his skull since kindergarten, and who is furthermore determined to remain a dupe, in the face of whatever evidence is presented to him. The second is whether any of those who bandy such terms – which are, more or less, /ad hominem/ attacks, and thus the last refuge of the intellectually bereft – understand the often extremely difficult process, especially for those of us who are ‘of a certain age’, involved in having one’s worldview turned upside down. In my own case, I was an Officer in Her Majesty’s regular Army, and served my country with pride for some years. I was a robust English patriot, who believed that my country exemplified all that was noble, decent and fair. I, like Mr Unz, started to have my eyes opened about ten years ago, when I was already turned fifty. The more I attempted to discover material refuting the terrifying prospect that I had been not merely wrong, but spectacularly so, all my life, the more the dawning realisation concretised that this was indeed the case. Today, I have finally come to terms with reality, and I can say to you that I too believe that Herr Hitler was a gift from the gods, not merely to Germany but to all of European society. Had I lived then, knowing what I know now, I would have followed such heroes as William Joyce and John Amery in volunteering to join the Britisches Freikorps section of the Waffen SS. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 41. Bluebook says: August 26, 2019 at 1:06 pm GMT <#comment-3414559> • 100 Words I never realised how dishonest Chamberlain was in all this. I always thought he was the reasonable one until Churchill ousted him and drove Britain into war. But I see Chamberlain played his role in that festering rot pile called Britain. It’s sad that to this day the Western world is determined to ingest this poisonous WWII narrative that is killing them. The West really entered a behavioural sink in 1939. Prosperity is a sin. Read More • *Replies: *@Anonymous <#comment-3414690> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 42. szopen says: August 26, 2019 at 1:11 pm GMT <#comment-3414568> And, about losing the plebiscite in Upper Silesia in 1921: overall most of population vote for Germany. But territories given to Poland were mostly voting Poland. The article is full os such half-truth, ommissions and worse. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 43. j2 says: August 26, 2019 at 1:20 pm GMT <#comment-3414578> • 400 Words I looked at the 16 point proposal by Hitler. It would have been very dangerous for Poland to accept that proposal. It demanded demilitarization Polish defenses in the area (Hel and Gnynia) and would have lead to Germany completely controlling Polish trade to the North Sea. There was also to be a vote of the corridor belonging to Germany or Poland, while at the time the country side was populated by Poles. The proposal gave the right of vote to Germans who had been there in 1918 and the vote was to be after 12 months, which would give ample time for guaranteeing that the vote would go to Germany. The proposal was written to sound reasonable, as such proposals have to sound like, but it was unacceptable: it would have lead to Polish occupation without a war, similar to what had happened in Austria and Czechoslovakia. Proposals have to be considered based on their military implications, not based on reasonable sounding language. As for Polish atrocities against Germans, the view of historians is still that they were largely exaggerated by Nazi propaganda. Here one may ask where are the mass graves of these people, as Poles were not cremating the bodies. One mass grave in Malborg was found in 2007. Initially this grave of 1,800 German civilians was believed to have been a Polish atrocity before the war, but today it is found to have been Russian atrocity on German civilians in the last stage of the WWII. There was the Blood Sunday massacre in Bydgoszcz in the first days of the war (September 3-4 1939), but the consensus view of it is that German saboteurs first shot on Polish troops. This massacre was the basis of the figure 58,000 German civilian victims before the war, cited in the article from a Nazi document written 1940. As for the corridor belonging to Poland or to Germany, it was a part of the Royal Prussia before 1772, a part of Teutonic Knights land that joined Poland already 1400s. Whether Germany had any right to demand a corridor there? It is not so clear. Prussia took the area in divisions of Poland 1772 and Germany lost it in the First World War 1918. In Prussia/Germany it was 146 years, in Poland/Royal Prussia 1446-1772, that is 326 years. The evidence this article gives is not verified and may be questioned. Read More • *Replies: *@Colin Wright <#comment-3414776> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 44. Alden says: August 26, 2019 at 1:20 pm GMT <#comment-3414579> • 400 Words @Eamon <#comment-3414302> Agree agree agree. I’ve lived around jews all my life and they absolutely hate Poland. Poles and Polish culture and religion. I’ve noticed IHR has been defending Germany’s actions in WW2 for a long time now. By shifting responsibility to Poland instead of to England France Germany and the pro war faction in America IHR is just perpetuating falsehoods. Here’s my personal opinion. Hitler and Stalin made a secret plan to invade and divide Poland years before the war started. It worked out fine for Russia but Germany lost big. And 30 years after the Beast from the East withdrew from Central Europe, Germany has turned into a Muslim African dumping ground and Poland is preserving the Polish people culture and religion. Charles Beard is the best unbiased objective truthful historian. Articles like this make me wonder if IHR has been infiltrated by Poland hating Jews. I read the Jewish press. They stopped blaming Germany for the holofraud decades ago. The Jews blame every one in Europe from the Pope to Churchill to the railroad companies to the French Hungarian Bulgarian Yugoslav local police to the Poles because Auschwitz is in Poland. The Israelis have taught 2 generations of school kids that it was the Poles, not the Germans who ran the camps. Israel and the Jewish American press claims it was the local police and city officials of the occupied countries that rounded up and sent 6 gazillion Jews off to their death. When reading articles like this, don’t forget that Jews have been claiming that Germany was innocent and everyone else in Europe was responsible for the European holocaust as they now call it. I believe it has something to do with the billions Germany has given Israel. I believe it’s an agreement Germany pays; Israel shifts the blame from evil Hitler and nazis to everyone in Europe. Israel and American Jews have been paid more than a hundred billion reparations so far. They won’t stop their demands. When the Russian occupied nations became independent the American Jewish press started caterwauling about reparations from Poland, Hungary etc. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 45. ken says: August 26, 2019 at 1:25 pm GMT <#comment-3414589> • 100 Words I read it plainly as a one sided propaganda piece. The article fairly drips with contempt of mean/idiot Poles while fair Hitler and the Germans just want peace, love and understanding. I accept that the Poles were not pure, white lambs of noble virtue, but don’t try to b.s. me that the Germans were either. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 46. Alden says: August 26, 2019 at 1:27 pm GMT <#comment-3414591> • 100 Words I have one question. If Poland had hundreds of thousands of soldiers all prepared why was Germany able to run over and occupy western Poland in just 3 weeks? France Belgium Netherlands managed negotiated surrenders with all sorts of conditions beneficial to their people. Of course Israel and Jews now regard those treaties as the rest of Europe eagerly jumping in to genocide the Jews. Read More • *Replies: *@szopen <#comment-3414700> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 47. Born2Vespa says: August 26, 2019 at 1:29 pm GMT <#comment-3414593> @anon19 <#comment-3414153> Isn’t that what is happening again today with Israel? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 48. Mulegino1 says: August 26, 2019 at 1:31 pm GMT <#comment-3414597> • 200 Words I would encourage everyone here to purchase a hard copy of Mr. Wear’s “Germany’s War.” It is quite obvious that the British war party and their puppet masters in international Jewry and the FDR administration maneuvered the chauvinistic fools in the “regime of Colonels” into denying Germany’s reasonable demands for a transportation corridor to East Prussia and the return of Danzig to the Reich. Germany had been marked for destruction since the days of Bismark and the unification of the Reich- not because it was an insatiable aggressor – but because /any / great continental power capable of economic and territorial expansion represented a threat aimed at the heart of Rule Britannia and its Jewish financiers. Hitler’s spectacular economic recovery, along with his attempts to establish a barter system of international trade were daggers aimed at the heart of the pound sterling/dollar hegemony of the City of London and Wall St. An economically successful sovereign Germany was a no-no. Germany had to be destroyed. The Hitler that the (mostly) Jew propagandists of the hegemonic powers created was a Manichean comic book figurine having little, if anything, to do with the man himself. Read More • *Agree: *GeeBee ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 49. szopen says: August 26, 2019 at 1:31 pm GMT <#comment-3414598> • 200 Words As for Henderson, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.168373/page/n281 The 1938 stories of Czech atrocities against the German minority were rehashed up almost verbatim in regard to the Poles. Some foundation there must necessarily have been for a proportion of these allegations in view of the state of excitable tension which existed between the two peoples. Excess of zeal on the part of individuals and minor officials there undoubtedly was— but the tales of ill treatment and expropriation, cas- tration and murder were multiplied a hundredfold. How far Hitler himself believed in the truth of these stories must be a matter for conjecture. Germans are prone in any case to convince themselves very readily of anything which they wish to believe. Certainly he behaved as if he did believe; and, even if one gives him the benefit of the doubt, these reports but served to inflame his resentment to the pitch which he or his extremists desired. Overall it does not seem Henderson was believing in widespread massacres and definetely had not considered them a reason for war. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 50. ken says: August 26, 2019 at 1:32 pm GMT <#comment-3414599> @anon19 <#comment-3414160> The kind Hitler was provoked to action that claimed the lives of over 8 million of his citizens; who’s the jackass? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 51. Alfred says: August 26, 2019 at 1:36 pm GMT <#comment-3414607> @Colin Wright <#comment-3414175> *reoccupation of the Rhineland* That would have been called “annexation” if the spin doctors of today were active in those days. Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 52. ken says: August 26, 2019 at 1:41 pm GMT <#comment-3414613> @Deutscher <#comment-3414404> How many mussies have been welcomed into your Teutonic shithole? Because your “men” don’t know how to breed with their women? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 53. Alden says: August 26, 2019 at 1:41 pm GMT <#comment-3414615> • 100 Words @Deutscher <#comment-3414404> Hundreds of thousands of American soldiers about half black in bases all over Germany, millions of first low life trash Turks and now the scum of Africa and the Middle East living on welfare. Germany’s nothing to brag about. The worst is that every German government employee from Merkel to the local police side with the black and brown trash against the Germans. Instead of hating Poles Czechs Slovaks because Germany lost a war 7o years ago, why not redirect your anger against your present day government that’s destroying Germany worse than Poland Czechoslovakia ever could. Read More • *Replies: *@neutral <#comment-3414744> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 54. Chris Mallory says: August 26, 2019 at 1:42 pm GMT <#comment-3414616> Po’ lil Hitler was a good boy. He wuz aspirin to be an artist. Germany dindu nuffin. The German apologists are just as bad as a bunch of ghetto rats excusing the crimes of their spawn. Read More • *LOL: *Parfois1 ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 55. Wizard of Oz says: August 26, 2019 at 1:47 pm GMT <#comment-3414621> • 100 Words @Carlton Meyer <#comment-3414121> One doesn’t expect such dopwy stuff from you. Do you really have difficulty in understanding why Britain didn’t declare war on both Germany and the USSR in September 1939? Are youbserious? And why do you describe Great Britain as “near bankrupt” in September 1939? Evidence? Of course, it it was, it makes your question about why GB didn’t declare war on the Soviet Uniion all the more peculiar. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 56. SteveM says: August 26, 2019 at 1:55 pm GMT <#comment-3414641> When can we expect the next volume from John Wear that details the totally legitimate reasons why Germany invaded France, Belgium, the Netherlands and assorted other countries? And OBTW, also found it necessary to brutalize and murder the local civilian populations that it had conquered? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 57. Theodore2 says: August 26, 2019 at 1:58 pm GMT <#comment-3414646> Good article: *Why did Hitler invade so many ‘Neutral’ European countries* https://forum.codoh.com/viewtopic.php?t=12421 The whole “Hitler wanted to take over the world” hoax is so easily debunked. Read More • *Agree: *Amanda ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 58. Real History says: August 26, 2019 at 1:58 pm GMT <#comment-3414647> • 200 Words Poland was not the start of the war. Poland was part 2 of the war that started in 1914. Germany did not start World War One, England, France, Russia and Belgium did. Read HIDDEN HISTORY: THE SECRET ORIGINS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR by GERRY DOCHERTY AND JIM MACGREGOR to learn the names of those who started the war and the reasons why they started it. All the guilt heaped on Germany belongs to England, France, Russia and Belgium. German territories and millions of German ethnic citizens were seized from Germany. The Polish Corridor was German, it had a majority German population before it was given to the Poles and they started their ethnic cleansing. There is a reason why most people watch a movie from the beginning instead of starting halfway through. Germany’s occupation of the Polish Corridor can’t be understood without knowing who really started World War One and Why and what happened at Versailles. I strongly recommend the book referenced above as by far the best researched book on World War One that has been written by anyone. Your understanding of World War One and World War Two will be dramatically changed. Read More • *Replies: *@anon <#comment-3414696> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 59. Anon[736] • Disclaimer says: August 26, 2019 at 2:05 pm GMT <#comment-3414655> @Deutscher <#comment-3414412> Our daughter’s psychiatrist says she needs for her release to be sterilised and married to a sadistic psychopath. You seem to be advertising. Are you available? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 60. alexander says: August 26, 2019 at 2:19 pm GMT <#comment-3414674> @aandrews <#comment-3414112> I , for one, had no idea of the atrocities being performed against the German people in Poland prior to the outbreak of the war. This narrative had been wholly eliminated from most textbooks when I was growing up. I just never learned about it, at all. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 61. Parfois1 says: August 26, 2019 at 2:23 pm GMT <#comment-3414686> @MarkU <#comment-3414532> You are right. I was minded to extrapolate a bit but assumed you would grasp the full meaning. Yes the British did declare the “phoney war” and … did nothing! Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 62. Anonymous[736] • Disclaimer says: August 26, 2019 at 2:24 pm GMT <#comment-3414690> @Bluebook <#comment-3414559> As your starting point of thinking Churchill ousted Chamberlain and drove Britain into war is so monumentally ignorant for anyone with an IQ over 100 and modestly literate you would be well advised to calm yourself and taking a history course at some institution for late learners. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 63. anon[173] • Disclaimer says: August 26, 2019 at 2:26 pm GMT <#comment-3414693> I like how those Polish commentators from this site that always like to shit on other Slavs, whenever shown opportunity, especially on Karlin’s blog, never show up on articles like this one. Read More • *Replies: *@szopen <#comment-3414755> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 64. anon[736] • Disclaimer says: August 26, 2019 at 2:28 pm GMT <#comment-3414696> @Real History <#comment-3414647> Hey, there. Try reading two books. You might find it quite taxing but at least you could end up laughing at yourself for including Belgium with England, France and Russia as equal partners in your fantasy. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 65. szopen says: August 26, 2019 at 2:31 pm GMT <#comment-3414700> • 300 Words @Alden <#comment-3414591> If Poland had hundreds of thousands of soldiers all prepared why was Germany able to run over and occupy western Poland in just 3 weeks Poland delayed mobilisation under pressure from England; this had some effectm but not much, since it was carried as “silent” mobilisation. Many units, nevertheless, were just forming. What’s most important, however, is: (1) While Polish soldiers and lower officers usually were brave and competent, the chief command was incompetent, mostly an effect of promoting people based on their loyalty to the Piłsudski and Śmigły-Rydz. The Śmigły wanted to have total control over the army, and because of lacks of communication it caused multiple problems. For example, when Kutrzeba asked for confirmation of his plans to attack German units, Śmigły refused and wasted precious few days. When he finally agreed, it was too late, and still resulting battle of Bzura was initially a success and shock to Germans. One only had to wonder what if Śmigły would agree earlier. (2) German mobilised more soldiers, had more tanks, more aircraft and more artillery. Numerical superiority, total air dominance, better tech plus better commanding abilities at the top – the result should not be a surprise. Actually, when you talk about France/Netherlands/Belgium in each of these countries German offensive was faster when it finally started. (3) Polish High command implemented half-arsed plan; the best thing would be to defend far from the borders, abandoning Pomorze for example. But the planners were affraid that in that case Germans would take the Pomorze without fight and would declare this is the end of the war, while western powers could agree to that. Therefore, the plan was to defend EVERYTHING and only then withdraw to the defensible lines. A cause for a disaster. (4) Borders. Poland was enveloped by Germany or German vassal from three sides, which made it easier for German planners to encircle Polish positions. (5) All Polish plans, fortifications and army development was based on assumption of defensive war against Soviets. Poland for years had not prepared any detailed plan of war with Germany. We had a lot of cavlary, because it was assumed it’s needed in the eastern front, where roads are in the bad shape. Fortifications were in the east. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 66. Wizard of Oz says: August 26, 2019 at 2:33 pm GMT <#comment-3414705> • 100 Words If Mr Wear could move on a bit from his interesting summary of other people’s heterodox versions of history he might write something really interesting about his belief that Halifax had been manoeuvring Britain into a war to destroy Germany since 1936. Having talked to people who were around in the late 1930s and well connected in one way or another it doesn’t ring true to me, but then I’d never heard it said before. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 67. Wally says: August 26, 2019 at 2:35 pm GMT <#comment-3414708> @FB <#comment-3414136> Dear hasbarist, see my comment: http://www.unz.com/article/why-germany-invaded-poland/#comment-3414156 Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 68. Wally says: August 26, 2019 at 2:38 pm GMT <#comment-3414715> @Colin Wright <#comment-3414139> IOW, Colin Wright insists that all work pass inspection of the Zionist gatekeepers. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 69. Carolyn Yeager says: • Website August 26, 2019 at 2:43 pm GMT <#comment-3414724> • 100 Words @anon19 <#comment-3414153> Britain’s pledge to Poland had nothing to do with retardation or idiocy. It was part of the entrapment policy against Germany which the Allied powers from WWI had hatched a second time. While Roosevelt’s admin was instructing Poland NOT to negotiate with Germany, Britain encouraged Poland to believe it had it’s back. Poland was not crazy, but lusting for German territory. GREED would be the word. Read More • *Replies: *@Franklin Ryckaert <#comment-3414753> , @szopen <#comment-3414757> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 70. Poupon Marx says: August 26, 2019 at 2:46 pm GMT <#comment-3414730> • 200 Words @GMC <#comment-3414256> It is a terrible thing to realize at some point of your life, as a result of sites like this, The Occidental Observer (incompetent moderator), American Renaissance, and others, that you *have been lied to all your life*. Note well how populations are whipped up in a frenzy and manipulated into supporting self-destructive actions for 98% of the population. Examples such as the SS Maine in Havana Harbor, blown up by American agents to provoke ware with Spain. And that was in 1905. Here is a quote from IrishSavant. Bertrand Russel: [MORE] Speaking of dumbed-down, new research suggests that fluoridated water consumed by pregnant women might reduce children’s intelligence. Obviously I’m not in a position to judge the validity of the research but I’ve always been deeply suspicious of the campaign to fluoridate our water. The only benefit claimed is a reduction in dental cavities and for this governments have gone to extraordinary lengths, including protracted court cases, to enforce adoption. This makes no sense at all. Unless of course the goal is a dumbed-down populace. Bertrand Russell, in his book ‘The Impact of Science on Society’ (1953) gave a clear indication of the long term goals of the Satanic ‘elite’: “Gradually, by selective breeding, the congenital differences between rulers and ruled will increase until they become almost different species. A revolt of the plebs would become as unthinkable as an organised insurrection of sheep against the practice of eating mutton.” Read More • *Replies: *@GMC <#comment-3414785> ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 71. neutral says: August 26, 2019 at 2:55 pm GMT <#comment-3414744> • 100 Words @Alden <#comment-3414615> You cannot separate Poland to what happened to Germany. Poland was more than happy to align itself with the anti white states of France and Britain before WW2. They wanted to keep their stolen land that belonged to Germany, and they couldn’t care less about the consequence of that stupidity. Poland will also become non white eventually by accepting the USA as its saviour. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 72. Poupon Marx says: August 26, 2019 at 3:00 pm GMT <#comment-3414750> • 100 Words @Deutscher <#comment-3414404> Your elevation of Deutschland above Britain with regard to ethnic preservation and integrity is ethereal, that is, it does not exist. If anything, Dland leads the way to genetic decline and importation of Turd World refuse. I estimate at max 15% of Germans have what it takes to go full speed against the Merkels of Germany. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 73. Franklin Ryckaert says: August 26, 2019 at 3:03 pm GMT <#comment-3414753> @Carolyn Yeager <#comment-3414724> /“…Poland was not crazy, but lusting for German territory. GREED would be the word…”/ And German lusting for /Lebensraum/ was not GREED ? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 74. szopen says: August 26, 2019 at 3:05 pm GMT <#comment-3414755> @anon <#comment-3414693> Why you lie so stupidly? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 75. szopen says: August 26, 2019 at 3:06 pm GMT <#comment-3414757> @Carolyn Yeager <#comment-3414724> Which is why instead of provoking war in say 1933, when Germany had no army and could be defeated easily, Poland signed non-aggression pact and waited until Hitler rebuilt the army, took over Austria, and Czechoslovakia. We Poles are really masterminds. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 76. The Alarmist says: August 26, 2019 at 3:17 pm GMT <#comment-3414773> Could this bring some further context to the Katyn Forest massacre? Why did Beria give the order to liquidate Polish prisoners shortly after the third Gestapo-NKVD conference in Zakopane? Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter Display All Comments 77. Colin Wright says: August 26, 2019 at 3:18 pm GMT <#comment-3414776> • 200 Words @j2 <#comment-3414578> /‘…As for Polish atrocities against Germans, the view of historians is still that they were largely exaggerated by Nazi propaganda. Here one may ask where are the mass graves of these people, as Poles were not cremating the bodies. One mass grave in Malborg was found in 2007. Initially this grave of 1,800 German civilians was believed to have been a Polish atrocity before the war, but today it is found to have been Russian atrocity on German civilians in the last stage of the WWII. There was the Blood Sunday massacre in Bydgoszcz in the first days of the war (September 3-4 1939), but the consensus view of it is that German saboteurs first shot on Polish troops. This massacre was the basis of the figure 58,000 German civilian victims before the war, cited in the article from a Nazi document written 1940…’/ This sort of thing is actually what I was referring to when I decried replacing one lie with another. The article relies on exaggeration and even worse, outright omission to make its case. However, conventional history isn’t a whole lot better. Interwar Poland was a hotbed of strident nationalism, and abuse of all of Poland’s minorities — of which there were a lot — was commonplace. I have no doubt that Polish atrocities against German civilians were real, even if Goebbels probably did exaggerate their extent. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments 78. GMC says: August 26, 2019 at 3:29 pm GMT <#comment-3414785> • 100 Words @Poupon Marx <#comment-3414730> Actually, after Nam I went Alaska and lived with my partner { Athabaskan} from Nam. We hunted , fished in the inlet, flew airplanes and I homesteaded just like my Indian Father did. We had many years to think and discuss the events in the world – incl. wars. The internet finally has showed that history has been Hijacked and ‘ me and the indian” were pretty much – right about our lives and the years we spent in Nam. We just didn’t realize that All history was Hijacked . The only water we drank , that was detriment to our health – was Fire Water – lol I live in Russia now and started to travel back in the 90s. I’m still going to travel next month – to that place – me and the Indian met. Spacibo P M. Read More ReplyAgree/Disagree/Etc. More... This Commenter This Thread Hide Thread Display All Comments ← Babi Yar: the Einsatzgruppen Killings Roosevelt Conspired to Start World War ... → Current Commenter says: Current Date at Time Now Leave a Reply - Comments on articles more than two weeks old will be judged much more strictly on quality and tone Cancel Comment Reply <#respond> A Name or SIMPLE Pseudonymic Handle An Optional Website or Link A Real or Fictitious Email (always hidden) Remember My InformationWhy?Use of multiple, non-Anonymous handles for commenting on this webzine is strongly discouraged, and your secret (real or fictitious) email allows you to authenticate your commenter-identity, preventing others from assuming it, accidentally or otherwise. Therefore, *keeping your Name+Email combination is important,* and the 'Remember' feature saves it for you as a cookie on your device/browser. Also, activating the 'Remember' feature enables the *Agree/Disagree/LOL/Troll* buttons on all comments. Email Replies to my Comment Body of Comment Submitted comments become the property of /The Unz Review/ and may be republished elsewhere at the sole discretion of the latter Subscribe to This Comment Thread via RSS Subscribe to All John Wear Comments via RSS PastClassics American Pravda: Oddities of the Jewish Religion Ron Unz • 1,661 Comments • Reply John McCain and the POW Cover-Up The “war hero” candidate buried information about POWs left behind in Vietnam. Sydney Schanberg • 171 Comments • Reply American Pravda: Holocaust Denial Ron Unz • 2,327 Comments • Reply China's Rise, America's Fall Which superpower is more threatened by its “extractive elites”? Ron Unz • 184 Comments • Reply John McCain: When "Tokyo Rose" Ran for President What Was John McCain's True Wartime Record in Vietnam? Ron Unz • 298 Comments • Reply The Myth of American Meritocracy Are elite university admissions based on meritocracy and diversity as claimed? Ron Unz • 261 Comments • Reply + *Advanced Search Options* Title/Subtitle? Author? Dates From: To: Category? Topic? Source? From? Channel? Comments? Commenter? Sort Results by Why The Unz Review? American Pravda Series Race/Ethnicity Articles Follow Us Announcements Strong Traffic and Commenting Restrictions • 87 Comments Featured Articles House Niggers Mutiny Israel Shamir • August 22, 2019• 1,800 Words • 97 Comments • Reply makehk Why Germany Invaded Poland John Wear • January 15, 2019• 6,500 Words • 75 Comments • Reply Credit: Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0 Featured Video Channel Tom Woods TV The Woods/Murphy Pacifism Debate: Snippets August 23, 2019 • Leave a Comment Books Banned by Amazon Order Them Here Featured Book / HTML Books The Jews Hilaire Belloc • Leave a Comment Columnists PB Ron Unz / Editor-in-Chief American Pravda: John McCain, Jeffrey Epstein, and Pizzagate • 880 Comments PB Gilad Atzmon / The Wondering Who Living Amongst Others • 260 Comments Nakba II Is Here • 72 Comments PPodcasts Kevin Barrett / Truth Jihadist Christopher Fulton on His Ordeal with JFK Assassination Evidence • Leave a Comment PB Pat Buchanan / Mr. Paleoconservative Greenland: Trump's MAGA Idea! • 122 Comments When, If Ever, Can We Lay This Burden Down? • 81 Comments PB Patrick Cockburn / Independent Foreign Correspondent The British Haven't Learned Their Lessons from the Troubles • 47 Comments PB Jonathan Cook / Our Man from Nazareth With Criticism Crushed in the West, Israel Can Enjoy Its Impunity • 38 Comments PB John Derbyshire / Immigrant Doomsayer "Kritarchs" Means “Judges Who Think They Are Legislators”. Period. • 47 Comments Forget Gun Control—Knife Crime Is Plaguing U.K. But You Can’t Notice Who’s Responsible! • 167 Comments PB Linh Dinh / Postcarder from the End of America Irresistible California • 4 Comments Christian to Death • 420 Comments PB Guillaume Durocher / The Alt-French Interpretation Tim Wise Finds Common Ground with Alt-Right • 18 Comments Hitler and/or Chomsky on Capitalist Democracy • 237 Comments PB Philip Giraldi / National Intelligence Lindsey Graham’s Blank Check. Why a Defense Agreement with Israel Would be a Disaster for Americans • 239 Comments Impeachment Time • 447 Comments PB C.J. Hopkins / Consent Factory Manager Manufacturing Mass Fascism Hysteria • 90 Comments PB Michael Hudson / Long-Term Economic Trender Global Warming and U.S. National Security Diplomacy • 165 Comments PB Trevor Lynch / Films Seen from the White Right The Leopard • 96 Comments PB Eric Margolis / War Reporter at the Top of the World Burn the Amazon! • 43 Comments PB Ilana Mercer / The Paleolibertarian Perspective Rift Between Dems and Israel Is Delicious … for Deplorables • 22 Comments PB Ron Paul / Republican Revolutionary Are Recessions Inevitable? • 12 Comments PB Ted Rall / A Cartoonist Sketches America As Long as Enemies of the State Keep Dying Before Trial, No One Should Trust the State • 25 Comments PB Fred Reed / Fred On Everything U.S. Supreme Over Asia in Mathematics! • 404 Comments PB Paul Craig Roberts / American Regime Defector Why I Stopped Being White and You Should Too by Nicky Reid, CounterPunch The Irresponsibility of Small Nations Is the NY Times Preparing Us for a Camp of the Saints Experience? PB The Saker / The Saker in His Vineyard The Saker Interviews Professor Marandi • 104 Comments PB Israel Shamir / The Russian-Israeli-Russian Perspective House Niggers Mutiny • 97 Comments PB James Thompson / Psychological Commenter The Intelligent Investor • 126 Comments PB Andre Vltchek / A Photographer Sees the World Suddenly the West Is Failing to Overthrow "Regimes" • 16 Comments Bloggers T Steve Sailer / Human Biodiversity The War on Molding August 26, 2019 • 14 Comments Islamic Negrophobia in "The Arabian Nights" August 26, 2019 • 7 Comments A Simple Symbolic Step for the NYT to Prove Its Sincerity in the Permanent Record War August 25, 2019 • 34 Comments "Conservative Larks, Liberal Owls: the Relationship Between Chronotype and Political Ideology" August 24, 2019 • 152 Comments Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes August 24, 2019 • 162 Comments Stop the Presses! National News Incoming August 23, 2019 • 179 Comments T Anatoly Karlin / Russian Reaction Open Thread 87 August 21, 2019 • 330 Comments Elite Discipline August 10, 2019 • 215 Comments Open Thread 86 August 10, 2019 • 687 Comments T Audacious Epigone / HBD & GSS The Closing of the Millennial Mind August 24, 2019 • 85 Comments 2020 Democratic Candidate Support Profiles August 24, 2019 • 78 Comments Electoral Who? Whom? August 22, 2019 • 43 Comments T Paul Kersey / SBPDL Public Religion Research Institute Confirms the Great Replacement Is Happening: In 1976, the USA Was 81% White Christian; in 2016, the USA Is 43% White Christian August 25, 2019 • 15 Comments Mainstream Media Silence: "Unhinged" Black Male Targets Seven Random Whites in Attacks in New York City August 24, 2019 • 54 Comments Pew Research Center Confirms the Great Replacement Is Happening: Since 2000, 109 U.S. Counties Have Gone from Majority White to Majority Nonwhite August 23, 2019 • 64 Comments Categories T Foreign Policy Articles Living Amongst Others Gilad Atzmon • 260 Comments House Niggers Mutiny Israel Shamir • 97 Comments Lindsey Graham’s Blank Check. Why a Defense Agreement with Israel Would be a Disaster for Americans Philip Giraldi • 239 Comments T Race/Ethnicity Articles Tim Wise Finds Common Ground with Alt-Right Guillaume Durocher • 18 Comments Forget Gun Control—Knife Crime Is Plaguing U.K. But You Can’t Notice Who’s Responsible! John Derbyshire • 167 Comments Is White Genocide Possible? Paul Craig Roberts T Ideology Articles Tim Wise Finds Common Ground with Alt-Right Guillaume Durocher • 18 Comments The Paradox of Stephen Miller: Immigration Hawk—Patriot Backstabber? Washington Watcher II • 2 Comments Leni Riefenstahl in Modern Memory P.J. Collins • 71 Comments T Economics Articles A San Francisco Every Month Godfree Roberts • 119 Comments Global Warming and U.S. National Security Diplomacy Michael Hudson • 165 Comments U.S. Economic Warfare and Likely Foreign Defenses Michael Hudson • 63 Comments T Arts/Letters Articles Leni Riefenstahl in Modern Memory P.J. Collins • 71 Comments The Leopard Trevor Lynch • 96 Comments Blue Velvet: the Lost Footage Trevor Lynch • 15 Comments T History Articles The Leopard Trevor Lynch • 96 Comments Hitler and/or Chomsky on Capitalist Democracy Guillaume Durocher • 237 Comments The Conflict in Kashmir Israel Shamir • 251 Comments T Science Articles The Supremacy of Stupid Tobias Langdon • 176 Comments The Uniqueness of the Finnish Race Guillaume Durocher • 271 Comments The Intelligent Investor James Thompson • 126 Comments T Culture/Society Articles Irresistible California Linh Dinh • 4 Comments Selling Whiteness Linh Dinh • 225 Comments Walled Communities, Shopping Fortresses and Free Fire Zones Linh Dinh • 258 Comments Series & Chronic Topics American Pravda Articles American Pravda: John McCain, Jeffrey Epstein, and Pizzagate Ron Unz • 880 Comments 9/11 Articles Marianne Williamson Is Right: We Need a Spiritual Awakening—and a Real Investigation of 9/11 Kevin Barrett • 140 Comments Race/IQ Articles Armageddon: James Flynn on Academic Freedom and Race James Thompson • 257 Comments Race/Crime Articles Immigration, Building a Wall, and Hispanic Crime Ron Unz • 879 Comments Holocaust Articles The Jewish Museum & Center of Tolerance Anatoly Karlin • 353 Comments JFK Assassination Articles The Broken Presidential Destiny of JFK, Jr. Laurent Guyénot • 327 Comments Moon Landing Hoax Articles “Moon Landing Skeptic” Unveils True Identity; E. Michael Jones on Jewish Privilege, White Identity, and Jeffrey Epstein Kevin Barrett • 162 Comments Anti-Darwinism Articles Nostalgic for Creationism—It Was Nicer Than Cultural Marxism. John Derbyshire • 307 Comments Global Warming Articles Global Warming and U.S. National Security Diplomacy Michael Hudson • 165 Comments Most Paul Kersey Mainstream Media Silence: "Unhinged" Black Male Targets Seven Random Whites in Attacks in New York City Trevor Lynch The Leopard Peter Frost Young, Male, and Single Israel Shamir House Niggers Mutiny John Wear Why Germany Invaded Poland The Saker The Saker Interviews Professor Marandi Peter Frost Young, Male, and Single Philip Giraldi Impeachment Time Andrew Joyce Reflections on Hilaire Belloc’s “The Jews” (1922) Gilad Atzmon Conspiracy Theories From the Elders of Zion to Epstein’s Youngsters Guillaume Durocher Hitler and/or Chomsky on Capitalist Democracy Gilad Atzmon Living Amongst Others Ron Unz American Pravda: John McCain, Jeffrey Epstein, and Pizzagate Peter Frost Young, Male, and Single Philip Giraldi Jeffrey Epstein RIP Paul Kersey Between July 16 and July 28th, 2019, There Were 36 Mass Shootings Across the United States: Blacks Were Suspects in 34 of Them The Saker The Last Western Empire? Gilad Atzmon Predators United Peter Frost Young, Male, and Single James Thompson World IQ 82 Moon Landing Skeptic The Moon Landings: A Giant Hoax for Mankind? Ron Unz American Pravda: John McCain, Jeffrey Epstein, and Pizzagate Steve Sailer 80-year-old Charles Manson to marry 26-year-old woman Paul Kersey His Name is Tyler Wingate: 24-Year-Old White Man Gets in Car Accident with Black Male in 83% Black Detroit... Black Motorist Beats Him to Death Trevor Lynch The Leopard Ron Unz Strong Traffic and Commenting Restrictions Gilad Atzmon Living Amongst Others Audacious Epigone The closing of the millennial mind John Wear Why Germany Invaded Poland The Saker The Saker Interviews Professor Marandi Philip Giraldi Impeachment Time Linh Dinh Christian to Death Anatoly Karlin Open Thread 87 Anatoly Karlin Open Thread 86 Gilad Atzmon Conspiracy Theories From the Elders of Zion to Epstein’s Youngsters Steve Sailer The class war is over: American workers lost Philip Giraldi Jeffrey Epstein RIP Ron Unz American Pravda: John McCain, Jeffrey Epstein, and Pizzagate Anatoly Karlin Open Thread 86 Philip Giraldi Israel has "the most moral army in the world"? Steve Sailer Has there ever been a realistic movie about White Flight? Steve Sailer Epstein dead Ron Unz American Pravda: Secrets of Military Intelligence Moon Landing Skeptic The Moon Landings: A Giant Hoax for Mankind? Philip Giraldi Teaching Holocaust James Thompson World IQ 82 Philip Giraldi Jeffrey Epstein RIP Paul Craig Roberts The Lies About World War II Archived Blogs and Columns T Razib Khan / GNXP Endings & New Beginnings December 1, 2016 • 48 Comments PB Gustavo Arellano / ¡Ask a Mexican! Why the ¡Ask a Mexican! Column Has Come to an Adios • 156 Comments PB Robert Bonomo / The Cactus Lander We're All Zombies • 59 Comments PB Alexander Cockburn / Beater of Devils (1941-2012) Truth and Fiction in Elie Wiesel’s “Night” • 176 Comments PB Tom Engelhardt / TomDispatcher Decriminalizing the Drug War? • Alfred McCoy • 21 Comments PB Eamonn Fingleton / Eye on East Asian Economies After the Kensington Inferno, Many in Britain Will Rethink Deregulation • 46 Comments PB Norman Finkelstein / Holocaust Deindustrializer 'To Live or to Perish' • 127 Comments PB Sam Francis / Purged Paleoconservative (1947-2005) Bush Inaugural Embraces Liberalism • 5 Comments PB Peter Frost / Anthropological Heretic Farewell to Henry • 53 Comments PB Paul Gottfried / Scholarly Scourge of the Neocons Joe Scotchie: Recovering Authentic (= Politically Incorrect) Conservatism • 32 Comments PB W. Patrick Lang / Sic Semper Tyrannis The President Is Not CinC of the US • 105 Comments PB Peter Lee / China Matters Four Corners/Fairfax Levels Up to US-Class National Security Steno Work on China • 4 Comments PB JayMan / A Troublemaker for the Truth My 23andMe Results • 45 Comments PB Andrew Napolitano / Freedom Watcher Did the Attorney General Deceive Congress? • 43 Comments PB James Petras / Radical Sociologist United States and Venezuela: A Historical Background • 105 Comments PB Robert Scheer / Truthdigger-in-Chief Fred Branfman Risked His Life for Ordinary People • 17 Comments PB Joseph Sobran / Pre-Neocon National Review Smearing a Pope • 11 Comments PPodcasts Bonnie Faulkner / Guns & Butter The IMF and World Bank: Partners In Backwardness, # 407 with Michael Hudson • 9 Comments PB Mike Whitney / Economic CounterPuncher The Democrats Just Led the Country on a Three Year-Long Wild Goose Chase. Will They Apologize? • 98 Comments Selected Alternative Media * Sic Semper Tyrannis * TomDispatch * Tom Woods * Truthdig * VDare * Vineyard of the Saker * VoltaireNet * West Hunter * Who What Why * World Socialist Website * ZeroHedge * American Renaissance * Antiwar.com * Counter Currents * Dissident Voice * Global Research * LewRockwell * MondoWeiss * Moon of Alabama * Nation of Islam * Occidental Observer * Russia Insider Subscriptions via RSS Feed Main Articles Main Articles Comments * *All Columnists* * Ron Unz * Gilad Atzmon * Kevin Barrett * Robert Bonomo * Pat Buchanan * Patrick Cockburn * Jonathan Cook * John Derbyshire * Linh Dinh * Guillaume Durocher * Bonnie Faulkner * Eamonn Fingleton * Norman Finkelstein * Philip Giraldi * Paul Gottfried * C.J. Hopkins * * Michael Hudson * JayMan * Trevor Lynch * Eric Margolis * Ilana Mercer * Ron Paul * James Petras * Ted Rall * Fred Reed * Paul Craig Roberts * The Saker * Israel Shamir * James Thompson * Andre Vltchek * Mike Whitney * *All Bloggers* * Steve Sailer * Anatoly Karlin * Audacious Epigone * Paul Kersey * *Archives* * Razib Khan * Gustavo Arellano * Alexander Cockburn * Tom Engelhardt * Sam Francis * Peter Frost * W. Patrick Lang * Peter Lee * Andrew Napolitano * Robert Scheer * Joseph Sobran * *All Categories* * Foreign Policy * Race/Ethnicity * Economics * Ideology * Arts/Letters * History * Science * Culture/Society * * Announcements * Videos * Books * PDF Archives * Periodicals * Enrollments * Forum * *About Us* * Masthead * Mission Statement * FAQ * Comments Policy * Contact Us * Columnists * Bloggers * Masthead * Categories